chapter 12

Question 1

Adulthood Defined

Chronological age

Answer 1

Young / emerging adulthood vs middle adulthood

Question 2

compressed morbitity

Answer 2

live disease free for a long time and then die.

Question 3

Adulthood Defined

Achievement of developmental tasks

Answer 3

establish
identity, develop intimate relationships, live
independently

Question 4

Adulthood Defined

responsibility

Answer 4

when a person begins to assume responsibility for themselves and others.

Question 5

Adulthood Defined

Psychological terms – maturity

Answer 5

• Take responsibility
• Make logical decisions
• Appreciate the position of others
• Control emotional outburst
• Accept social roles

Question 6

Adulthood Defined

Biological development is sometimes treated as complete when a person shows the result of changes that occur during adolescence

Answer 6

human beings continue to grow and mature throughout their life span

Question 7

Average life expectancy

Answer 7

77.8
Varies by gender, race and ethnicity, other
variables

Question 8

10 leading causes of death for all age groups in the United States

Answer 8

1.Heart disease
2.Cancer
3.COVID-19
4.Accidents (unintentional injuries)
5.Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases)
6.Chronic lower respiratory diseases
7.Alzheimer’s disease
8.Diabetes mellitus
9.Influenza and pneumonia
10.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis

Question 9

Leading Causes of Death Globally

Answer 9

1.Ischemic heart disease
2.Stroke
3.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4.Lower respiratory tract infections
5.Neonatal conditions
6.Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
7.Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
8.Diarrheal diseases
9.Diabetes
10.Kidney diseases

Question 10

6 in 10 Americans live with at least one

Answer 10

chronic disease

Question 11

Chronic disease and co-morbidities

Answer 11

Complex social problems, such as health disparities, which disproportionately impact patients from minoritized backgrounds, often resist solutions by a single organization.

chronic conditions, which often included an increased prevalence amongst Black and Brown communities.

Question 12

Young adulthood is often referred to as

Answer 12

the healthy years and the hidden hazards.

Individuals in early and middle adulthood tend to underestimate the impact over time that poor lifestyle choices or unpreventable environmental situations may have on their overall health quality and life span.

Question 13

all impact health outcomes

Answer 13

Interaction of genes, biology and behaviors
with the social, cultural, and physical
environment

Question 14

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Transition to adulthood

Answer 14

identity exploration and consolidation processes continue at the beginning of emerging or early adulthood (generally between the ages of 18 and 25)

Question 15

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Adulthood is not defined by a single factor

Answer 15

rather by an integration of cognitive development, physical development, reflective judgment, and societal experience.

Question 16

Emerging and Early Adulthood

distinguishing features of emerging adulthood

Answer 16

(1) identity exploration, (2) instability, (3) self-focus, (4) feeling in-between, and (5) possibilities

Question 17

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Emerging trends

Answer 17

young millennials (aged 22–28) revealed that they delayed milestones such as moving out of their parent’s home and buying a home of their own because of their student loan debt

Boomerang Generation.

Question 18

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Integration of cognitive development, physical
development, reflective judgment, and
societal experience

Answer 18

Transition to adulthood.

Question 19

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Boomarang Impact on families and health systems

Answer 19

longer transitions can strain families and institutions (such as health care systems) that work with young adults. For example, adults who have children might think that they have moved through an adult developmental task of parenting, only to find their children returning home after a divorce or unemployment.

Question 20

Identity

Answer 20

understanding of the basic self that provides continuity over time and across problems and changes in life.

Question 21

patient-centered professional relationship

Answer 21

Adult patients are generally more capable as an equal partner than younger people.

Question 22

adults should not be assumed to have better self-advocacy skills

Answer 22

purely based on their age

Question 23

Intimacy

Answer 23

developmental task of the adult.

Question 24

Adulthood sometimes involves people going back to previous developmental tasks

Answer 24

such as establishing a basic identity

Question 25

During adulthood, another aspect of acting responsibly

Answer 25

involves having a high regard for the welfare of others.

Question 26

Underlying the idea of responsibility

Answer 26

is an assumption that the individual is a free agent (i.e., one who is willing and able to act autonomously). (i.e., a promise to provide for one’s own children or parents)

Question 27

matter of responsibility in our culture

Answer 27

extent to which they command the respect of employer, family, and friends.

Question 28

# Social Roles in Adulthood Primary Relationships

Answer 28

Choosing a life partner and becoming better acquainted (i.e., learning to know the person, discovering potentials and limits, similarities and differences, and compatibilities and incompatibilities) are processes interwoven with the more basic activities of eating, sleeping, acquiring possessions, working, worshipping, relaxing, and playing together.

Question 29

# Parenting of Children Gender role stereotypes traditionally assigned to mothering, fathering, and coparenting

Answer 29

are breaking down in many families so that both parents share the whole range of parenting skills.

Question 30

# Parenting of Children women generally spend twice as much time

Answer 30

on household and child-care tasks compared to men

Question 31

# Parenting of Children child’s welfare depends

Answer 31

on the quality of parenting

Question 32

# Care of Older Family Members Middle-age adults are often referred to as the “sandwich” generation

Answer 32

they are responsible for care of both young (children) and old (aging parents/family members).

Question 33

# Care of Older Family Members caregivers in the United States

Answer 33

2015 there were 43.5 million

Question 34

caregivers often

Answer 34

put the needs of their care recipients ahead of their own, and 23% report that caregiving has made their health worse.

Question 35

Caregiving responsibilities

Answer 35

can disrupt employment, health maintenance, leisure, and social participation during adulthood.

Question 36

Latino caregivers

Answer 36

valued family decision-making regarding care.

Question 37

Asian-American caregivers experienced

Answer 37

strained interpersonal relationships and shame in asking for help

Question 38

Black or African American caregivers reported reliance

Answer 38

on community and striving to maintain the cohesion of their family

Question 39

Native American caregivers reported feeling pressure

Answer 39

to provide care despite limited resources and a lack of formal resources.

Question 40

# Mentoring the Next Generation mentoring

Answer 40

as a complex process used to guide a protégé through career transitions and as a necessary part of training effective, reflective practitioners

Question 41

# three consistent agreements about mentoring The first is that mentoring

Answer 41

is focused on the growth and development of another.

Question 42

# three consistent agreements about mentoring The second is that several forms of support are used

Answer 42

including role modeling and psychological support

Question 43

# three consistent agreements about mentoring and finally, researchers agree

Answer 43

there is a degree of reciprocity associated with mentoring and that adult mentor gains as much from the relationship as the mentee.

Question 44

# Mentoring the Next Generation Mentors are described as

Answer 44

“socializing or influence agents, encouraging protégés to internalize the norms, behaviors, and values of the scientific community.”

Question 45

# Political and Other Service Activities Involvement in political and social organizations

Answer 45

has traditionally been at a peak during the adult years.

Question 46

# Work as Meaningful Activity For some, work is performed primarily in the home

Answer 46

(especially during the pandemic when social distancing guidelines were in place)

Question 47

# Work as Meaningful Activity Adults are judged to spend about half of their waking hours

Answer 47

engaged in work, and it is during middle adulthood that career consolidation typically occurs.

Question 48

# Work as Meaningful Activity The average US employee works

Answer 48

7.62 hours a day.

Question 49

# Work as Meaningful Activity Women have a greater likelihood of working part-time

Answer 49

compared with men

Question 50

# Work as Meaningful Activity most women experience in their work roles: expectations on them

Answer 50

include not only doing a job in the labor force but also maintaining the quality and amount of work performed in the home.

Question 51

# Work as Meaningful Activity Two types of responsibilities are associated with the work role:

Answer 51

(1) to do one’s job well and (2) to fulfill the reasonable expectations of others

Question 52

# Work as Meaningful Activity Your task as a health professional is to assess how the patient views their work situation

Answer 52

work entails responsibility toward both a job to be done and other human beings. Treatment goals must be tailored to help the patient carry out these responsibilities,

Question 53

# Stresses and Challenges of Adulthood Primary relationship stress

Answer 53

* Ongoing vs discrete event * Empty nest syndrome * Domestic violence

Question 54

# Primary relationship stress Common sources of stress in committed relationships include

Answer 54

nonfulfillment of role obligations by a significant other, lack of reciprocity between partners, a feeling of not being accepted by a significant other, and unequal household and child-rearing responsibilities

Question 55

# Primary relationship stress Empty nest syndrome

Answer 55

experience stress around the departure of their children,

Question 56

# Primary relationship stress Domestic violence

Answer 56

defined as “willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, threats, and emotional/psychological abuse.”

Question 57

# Domestic violence National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey

Answer 57

1 in 4 women and 1 in 10 men have reported abuse by an intimate partner during their lifetime.

Question 58

# Domestic violence domestic violence occurs

Answer 58

across the socioeconomic spectrum and among all ethnic and other demographic groups.

Question 59

# Domestic violence The professional who treats adult patients must be aware of clinical guidelines

Answer 59

that express deep respect by discovering symptoms or behaviors, institutional policies regarding suspected or obvious abuse, local sources of support available to patients, and legal requirements to report intimate partner abuse.

Question 60

# Parenting Stresses Providing a listening ear and care for the caregivers

Answer 60

are key first steps in helping parents cope with stress

Question 61

# Parenting Stresses Child abuse and neglect

Answer 61

which are increasing (or, perhaps, are being reported more systematically), are tragic examples of what can happen when stress is not controlled.

Question 62

# Stress in Care of Elderly Family Members most of the burden for parent care falls on adult women

Answer 62

Many quit their jobs to fulfill the responsibility of caring for one or more elderly family members.

Question 63

# Work Stress For many individuals in their middle years, stress related to work

Answer 63

is their primary stress, manifesting itself in a wide range of disorders.

Question 64

# Work Stress . Chronically elevated work-related stress is a risk factor

Answer 64

for numerous physical and mental health outcomes, including depression and cardiovascular disease.

Question 65

# Work Stress Studies have demonstrated that a job with high responsibility in which the consequences for a mistake are dire

Answer 65

creates the highest stress.

Question 66

# Work Stress A form of stress related to the work role is caused by the inability

Answer 66

to find or hold a job.

Question 67

# Work Stress the stress of working can be less threatening to health and well-being

Answer 67

than the stress of being unemployed.

Question 68

# stress and learning the more life-changing an event,

Answer 68

the more likely it is to be associated with learning opportunities

Question 69

Middle-age adults may wonder, “Is this all there is?” and feel that “something is missing.”

Answer 69

Also, the focus on worldly aspirations may shift to more spiritual aspects of life and their place in the bigger scheme of things. Middle-age adults make more informed decisions about their futures. Doubt allows no rest; indeed, it is a relentless churning that nakedly reveals almost all the dimensions of one’s life

Question 70

# Working with Adult Patients Patients may feel angered/confused

Answer 70

– “struck down in one’s prime” – Attend to denial, hostility, depression

Question 71

# Working with Adult Patients Loss of independence

Answer 71

– May feel trapped, vulnerable, frustrated

Question 72

# Working with Adult Patients Show respect

Answer 72

– Assess physical/psychological symptoms of stress – Listen to patient’s narrative

Question 73

# Working with Adult Patients Patients who can no longer go about meeting the responsibilities expected of them and pursuing the numerous life roles and established goals

Answer 73

may feel trapped, vulnerable, and frustrated.