Chapter 12

Question 1

definition: the total amount of energy in the universe is constant

Answer 1

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 2

What is the equation for the universe?

Answer 2

universe = systems + surroundings

Question 3

reaction + heat –> products

Answer 3

endothermic reaction

Question 4

sigh change in Heat is +

Answer 4

endothermic

Question 5

reactants –> products + heat

Answer 5

exothermic reaction

Question 6

sign of change in heat is -

Answer 6

exothermic

Question 7

Standard state means what

Answer 7

1 atm, 1M, and 25 degrees celcius

Question 8

definitions: process that occurs naturally without outside push

Answer 8

spontaneous reaction

Question 9

definition: process that requires an input of energy to occur

Answer 9

non spontaneous

Question 10

do spontaneous reactions correlate w/speed

Answer 10

no

Question 11

definition: to spread out

Answer 11

dispersal

Question 12

definition: measure of dispersal energy (or “disorder”)

Answer 12

entropy

Question 13

What are the different process that would lead to greater disorder?

Answer 13

1. g> l> s
2. mixtures> pure substances
3. @ given temp heavier atoms> light atoms

Question 14

As a solid changes to a gas what is happening?

Answer 14

it is becoming more disordered

Question 15

As a gas changes to a solid what is happening?

Answer 15

its becoming less disordered

Question 16

As temp, volume, or gas in products increases what happens to the state of disorder?

Answer 16

it increases

Question 17

As temp, volume, or gas in products decreases what is happening to the disorder?

Answer 17

it decreases

Question 18

definitions: in a spontaneous process the entropy of the universe increases

Answer 18

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Question 19

The equations for the 2nd Law of thermodynamics is for what?

Answer 19

freezing, melting or reversible

Question 20

definitions: the entropy of a pure perfect crystalline substance @ OK is zero

Answer 20

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

Question 21

this law of thermodynamics is when there is no faults in crystals & no movement

Answer 21

3rd law

Question 22

Gibbs Free energy is another way to do what?

Answer 22

to determine spontanaity

Question 23

Gsys = Hsys - TS is only for what situations

Answer 23

is if the temperature is not 25C

Question 24

Gsys = nGf products - nGf reactant is only for situations

Answer 24

when the temperature is 25C

Question 25

Gsys > 0

Answer 25

non spontaneous

Question 26

Gsys < 0

Answer 26

spontaneous

Question 27

G = 0

Answer 27

equilibrium

Question 28

In this equation Gsys = Hsys - TS...T is

Answer 28

always positive

Question 29

If in the Gsys = Hsys - TS... H is - and Sys is + What is G

Answer 29

- and ALWAYS spontaneous

Question 30

If in the Gsys = Hsys - TS... H is - and Sys is - What is G

Answer 30

IT could either be + or - depending on the temperature

Question 31

If in the Gsys = Hsys - TS... H is + and Sys is + What is G

Answer 31

+ or - depending on the temperature

Question 32

If in the Gsys = Hsys - TS... H is + and Sys is - What is G

Answer 32

ALWAYS + never spontaneous