chapter 12 Flashcards
(12 cards)
what is major depressive disorder acoording the DSM-5
individuals must be experiencing five or more symptoms during teh same 2 week period an at least one of the symtpoms should be
- depressed mood
-loss of intersest or pleasure
symptoms should be significanllty impairing dunctioning
list some sysmptoms of depression
depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all activity every day
significnat weight loss when not dieting or weight gain - increase or decrease in appedite
slowing down of though + a reduction of physical movement
fatigue or loss of enerngy nearlly every day
feeling of worthlessness or excessive or inapropariate guilt nealry every day
diminished ability to think or concentrate or indeciciveness, nearly evevry day
reccurent thoughts of death, recuurent sucicidal ideation without a specific plan or a suicide attempt
whats the biologial perspective n
it has roots in evolutionalry theory which argued humans have instincts ans drive to survive
the biological model of the brain and human behaviour fitted perfectly into the positivsm movement
this grew stronger as we developed scientific tools to study the brain with more accuracy
todays neuroscience and biopsych both subside within the biologicla paradigm
whats some examples of drives
hunger thirst fear caring for infnts
biological perspective od MDD
it represents a neurochemical imbalnace (a alack of serotonin) and the limbic sytsem involved
it is strongly genetic
it can be helped via biologial inverentions
biological perspective od MDD limitations
isnt a clear causal link and little causal evidence
there is bias issues in research
psychopharmaceutical industry combined annual turnover of 50,000,000,000
what is the psychological perspective
it argues that brain and human bhevaour are best understood by examinng psycholgical processes (feelings, thought, cognition)
it also focuses on learning, sensory experiencs and meaning
this emphasis arose from the cognitive revolution after ww2 which understood humans as cogintive processors
personality theory, individual differences, cognitive pyshc all stem from the psychological perspective
psychological perspective of mdd
mdd can be caused by cycles of unhelpful thought, negavtive emotions and maladaptive behvaiours
by examining each of these elements it is possible to help people with mdd, commonly done with cbt
this is evidence based and not invasive, and does not give side effects
psychological perspective of mdd limitation
cbt doesnt work for everyone - less than 50 percent reach remission
cognitive therpaies rely on logic as defined by western principles
they are less effective in non western cultures
cognivie therapies wok kess well with severe or reccurrent mdd
what is sociocultural perspective
studying society can help us study the brain and human behvaiour
the sociocultural movement arose in contrast to the behaviourist movement
it places empahsis on the differences between societies and cultures
it argues the importance of social connection and represents the nurture side of the debate
what is sociocultural perspective for MDD
mdd is not experienced universiallly the same eay
prevalence of mdd varies significantly by county as does course of illness, suggesting sociocultural facotrs play a role
a individuals social situation is a key factor in mdd
social interventions and interpersonal therpay are benefeial for indiviuduals with mdd
what is sociocultural perspective for MDD limitations
it doesnt rpovide specific or concrete reccomendations for treatment
inteventions that the perspective does specify are hard to test the efficacy of
alone it doesnt provide a comprehenive model of mdd
