chapter 12

Question 1

carbon cycle

keeling curve

Answer 1

co2 is increasing and fluctuates over the year because of the seasonal growth of trees and stuff

Question 2

where does the global warming heat go?

Answer 2

93% ocean
atmosphere
continents
glaciers ice caps
greenland ice sheets
antarctic ice sheets

Question 3

where does co2 go

Answer 3

atmosphere 40%
30% water and land cover

Question 4

co2 increase causes… in water

Answer 4

expanding of stratification pattern in the ocean
less productivity less circulation
oxygen content in the oceans decreases

Question 5

contributors to sea level rise?

Answer 5

added water / thermal expansion

Question 6

Feedback processes

Answer 6

Melting sea ice exposes dark ocean, which means that the planet absorbs more solar heat.
Warmer temperatures increase evaporation and so raise atmospheric levels of water vapor, another potent greenhouse gas.
Warming will destabilize natural reserves of methane, stored in soils and permafrost.

warming of 1 °C due to CO2could eventually escalate to 6 °C.

Question 7

Methane

Answer 7

Greenhouse gas
Comparative impact of CH4 is 25 times greater than that of CO2

Question 8

primary sources of methane

Answer 8

wetlands crazy high
termite emission
wild animals
oceans
gas hydrates
geological sources

anthropological:
ruminant emissions
biomass burning
rice paddies
landfills
oil and gas
coal

Question 9

Methanogenesis

Answer 9

Production of methane by bacteria in de absence of oxygen
In freshwater wetlands

Question 10

lifestock based methane emissions

Answer 10

cow gas 95% from burping

Question 11

Human acceleration of the N-cycle

Answer 11

1909: synthetic fertilizer
1960s: Green revolution

Question 12

Effects of excess nitrogen

Answer 12

Coastal eutrophication and dead zones
Loss of biodiversity
Acid rain
Greenhouse gases
Stratospheric ozone depletion
Human & animal diseases

Question 13

German scientist who invented synthetic nitrogen fertilizer through a process that converts molecular N2 to ammonia gas. (give only surname)

Answer 13

Haber

Question 14

_____________ forcing is a measure of the influence a given climatic factor has on the amount of downward-directed radiant energy impinging upon Earth’s surface.

Answer 14

Radiative

Question 15

_________ gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations

Answer 15

Shale

Question 16

The ____________ Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide

Answer 16

Green

Question 17

A climate ________ point is a threshold that, when exceeded, can lead to large changes in the state of the climate

Answer 17

Tipping

Question 18

A ______________ feedback loop is a process in which the end products of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback loop. This amplifies the original action.

Answer 18

Positive

Question 19

Ocean ______________is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth’s oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

Answer 19

Acidification

Question 20

Caused or influenced by humans.

Answer 20

Anthropogenic

Question 21

The production of methane by bacteria in the absence of oxygen.

Answer 21

Methanogenesis

Question 22

This greenhouse gas, emitted by cows, is responsible for about 30% of the warming caused by carbon dioxide.

Answer 22

Methane

Question 22

A type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. Melting of this biome may cause huge methane emissions.

Answer 22

Tundra

Question 23

This Swedish scientist predicted the critical role of carbon dioxide in human-accelerated global climate change in 1896. (give only surname)

Answer 23

Arrhenius

Question 24

A _____________ feedback loop occurs in biology when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction. This creates stability or homeostasis in the system.

Answer 24

Negative

Question 25

The first scientist to confirm that atmospheric CO2 levels were rising, by measuring the CO2 in the air at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. (give only surname)

Answer 25

Keeling

Question 26

The global ocean ____________belt is a constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity.

Answer 26

Conveyor