Chapter 12

Question 2

Organized labor

Answer 2

To work with fair and competent management, to be treated fairly and with dignity

Question 3

Craft Union

Answer 3

An organization of skilled specialists Oma particular craft or trade.

Question 4

Knights of labor

Answer 4

The first national labor union formed in 1869

Question 5

Americans Federation of Labor

Answer 5

An organization of craft unions that championed fundamental labor issues; founded in 1886

Question 6

Industrial unions

Answer 6

Labor organizations of me killed and semiskilled workers in mass production industries such as automobiles and mining

Question 7

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Answer 7

Union organization of unskilled workers; broke away from the AFL in 1935 and rejoined in 1955.

Question 8

Yellow Dog Contract

Answer 8

A type of contract that required employees to agree as a condition of employment not to join a union; prohibited by the Norris LAGuardia Act in 1932

Question 9

Collective bargaining

Answer 9

The process whereby union and management representatives form a labor-management agreement, or contract, for workers.

Question 10

Certification

Answer 10

Formal process whereby a unions is recognized by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) as the bargaining agent for a group of employees.

Question 11

Decertification

Answer 11

The process by which workers take away a unions right to represent them.

Question 12

Negotiated labor management agreement (labor contract)

Answer 12

Agreement that sets the tone and clarifies the terms under which management and labor agree to function over a period of time.

Question 13

Union security clause

Answer 13

Provision in a negotiated labor management agreement that stipulates that employees who benefit from a union must either officially join or at least pay dues to the union

Question 14

Closed shop agreement

Answer 14

Clause in a labor management agreement that specified workers had to be members of a union before being hired (later outlawed)

Question 15

Union shop agreement

Answer 15

Clause in labor management agreement that says workers do not have to be members of a union to be hired but must agree to join the union within a prescribed period

Question 16

Agency shop agreement

Answer 16

Clause in a labor management agreement that says employers may hire nonunion workers, employees are not required to join the union up but must pay the union fee.

Question 17

Right to work laws

Answer 17

Legislation that gives workers the right, under an open shop agreement, to join or not join a union if it is present

Question 18

Open shop agreement

Answer 18

Agreement in right to work states that gives workers the option to join or to join a union if one exists in their workplace.

Question 19

Grievance

Answer 19

A charge by employees that management is not abiding by the terms of the negotiated labor management agreement.

Question 20

Shop stewards

Answer 20

Union officials who work permanently in an organization and represent employee interests on a daily basis.

Question 21

Bargaining zone

Answer 21

The range of options between the initial and that final offer that each party will consider before negotiations dissolve or reach an impasse

Question 22

Mediation

Answer 22

The use of a third party called a mediator, who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiating and often makes suggestions for resolving the dispute

Question 23

Arbitration

Answer 23

The agreement to bring in an impartial third party to render a binding decision in a labor dispute.

Question 24

Strike

Answer 24

A union strategy in which workers refuse to go to work, the purpose is to further workers objectives after an impasse in collective bargaining

Question 25

Cooling off period

Answer 25

When workers in a critical industry return to their jobs while the union and management continue negotiations

Question 26

Primary boycott

Answer 26

When a union encourages both it's members and the general public not to buy this products of a firm involved in a labor dispute.

Question 27

Secondary boycott

Answer 27

A attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a firm that is subject of a primary boycott. Prohibited

Question 28

Lock out

Answer 28

An attempt by management to put pressure on unions by temporarily closing the business

Question 29

Injunction

Answer 29

A court order directing someone to do something or to restrain from doing something .

Question 30

Strikebreakers

Answer 30

Workers hired to do the jobs of striking workers until the labor dispute is resolved

Question 31

Givebacks

Answer 31

Concessions made by union members to management; gains from labor negotiations are given back to management to help employers remain competitive and thereby save jobs.