Chapter 12

Question 0

Socio-cultural approach

Answer 0

Normal is what society or cultural group a person lives in regards as a acceptable behaviour and thinking.

Question 1

Define Normality

Answer 1

a pattern of thoughts, feelings or behaviour that conforms to a usual, typical or expected standard within a cultural context

Question 2

Historical approach

Answer 2

The definition of normal depends of what was acceptable in a particular period of time.

Question 3

Situational approach

Answer 3

Normal is determined by the situation a person is in at any particular time.

Question 4

Statistical approach

Answer 4

Behaviour of type of thinking is normal if it is found in most people. Behaviour and thoughts displayed by a small minority are abnormal.

Question 5

Medical approach

Answer 5

Abnormal is whatever the DSM V lists as a mental disorder.

Question 6

Functional approach

Answer 6

A behaviour is normal if it does not harm anyone and it allow the individual to:

• maintain their own Heath and hygiene
• hold down a job
• sustain interpersonal relationships with family and friends

Question 7

Mental health

Answer 7

Is the capacity of and individual to interact with others and the environment in ways that promote subjective well-being, optimal development throughout the lifespan and effective use of person’s cognitive, emotional and social abilities.

Question 8

Mental health problem / mental illness

Answer 8

When a negative event occurs in a person’s life and it persists enough to cause him/her to experience distress such that certain thoughts, feelings, emotions interfere with the ability to cope with everyday life.

Question 9

What are the systems that use the CATEGORICAL approach of classifying mental illness?

Answer 9

1. Diagnosis and statistical manual of mental disorders - volume 5 (DSM-V)
2. International classification of diseases - version 10 (ICD-10)

Question 10

List some characteristics of the DSM-V

Answer 10

• For a person to be diagnosed with a mental disorder, the DSM lists to inclusive criteria and exclusive criteria.
• 16 categories with 365 mental disorders.

Question 11

DSM-V inclusive criteria

Answer 11

Are the symptoms that must be present.

Question 12

DSM-V exclusive criteria

Answer 12

Are those symptoms that must NOT be present.

Question 13

DSM-V Polythetic criteria

Answer 13

Are those criteria that may or may not be present in certain disorders.

Question 14

The AXES of the DSM

Answer 14

Axes provide comprehensive and useful information for their treatment.

Question 15

Axis 1

Answer 15

Clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention.

Question 16

Axis 2

Answer 16

Personality disorders and retardation

Question 17

Axis 3

Answer 17

General medical conditions

Question 18

Axis 4

Answer 18

Psychological and environmental problems

Question 19

Axis 5

Answer 19

Global assessment of functioning

Question 20

ICD-10

Answer 20

• 21 chapters
• chapter V only describes MENTAL DISORDERS
• ICD-10-AM (aus version)

Question 21

Categorical Approach

Answer 21

an approach to classifying mental disorders involving assessment of whether an individual has a disorder on the basis of symptoms and characteristics that are described as typical of the disorder

Question 22

Dimensional approach

Answer 22

an approach to classifying mental disorders that quantifies a person’s symptoms or other characteristics of interest and represents them with numerical values on one or more scales or continuums, rather than assigning them to a mental disorder category

Question 23

Biopsychosocial framework

Answer 23

an approach to describing and explaining how biological, psychological and social factors combine and interact to influence an individual’s physical and mental health

Question 24

Biological factors

Answer 24

Physiological influences on mental health that can be both functional (neurotransmitter levels in the the brain such as dopamine) and structural (brain structures that are abnormal).

Question 25

Psychological factors

Answer 25

involve all those influences associated with mental processes such as how we think, includes both cognitive and personality characteristic.

Question 26

Social factors

Answer 26

Social factors that may cause prolonged stress such as poverty, family dysfunction, domestic violence, physical abuse or psychological abuse. Interpersonal skills and interpersonal skills. Cultural factor.

Question 27

Stress

Answer 27

a state of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal or external stressors that are perceived by the individual as challenging or exceeding their ability or resources to cope

Question 28

Stressor

Answer 28

Any internal or external event or circumstance that produces stress

Question 29

Stress response

Answer 29

the physiological and psychological changes experienced when confronted by a stressor

Question 30

Fight-flight response

Answer 30

an involuntary reaction resulting in a state of physiological readiness to deal with a sudden and immediate threat by either confronting it (fight) or running away to safety (flight)

Question 31

HPA axis (Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis)

Answer 31

Hypothalamus stimulates the Pituitary Gland to release ACTH (adreno-carticotrophic hormone) into the blood stream. On reaching yhe adrenal glands, ACTH stimulates the production of adrenalin, noradrenalin and cortisol - the hormone active in Fight-flight response.

Question 32

Eustress

Answer 32

in relation to stress, a positive psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by the presence of positive states such as feeling enthusiastic, excited, active and alert

Question 33

Distress

Answer 33

a negative psychological response to a stressor, indicated by negative psychological states such as anger, anxiety, nervousness, irritability or tension

Question 34

List three Psychological responses to stress

Answer 34

1. Behavioural changes 2. Emotional changes 3. Cognitive changes

Question 35

Behavioural changes include:

Answer 35

Tremors, voice changes, sleep deprivation, aggression, feeling of failure, mental fatigue, avoidance behaviour

Question 36

Emotional responses include:

Answer 36

Responses vary with age and circumstance, and in nature and intensity. Depression, anxiety, sense of helplessness, irritability, cynical/negative towards others

Question 37

Cognitive responses

Answer 37

Impaired memory, impaired memory formation, difficulty managing personal affairs, decision making becomes faulty, poor problem solving

Question 38

Psychological determinants of stress

Answer 38

- Prior experience dealing with stressors - Attitude - partially cynical or negative - Lack of motivation - Low self esteem - Personality characteristics

Question 39

Transactional model of stress and comping

Answer 39

a theory that proposes that stress involves an encounter between an individual and their environment, and that a stress response depends upon the appraisal of the stressor and ability to cope with it

Question 40

TMSC: Stage 1 primary appraisal

Answer 40

Persona must judge the potential stressor and sip decide whether it is stressful, beneficial or irrelevant. If stressful, a decision is made about whether it is: potentially harmful/threatening/

Question 41

Secondary appraisal

Answer 41

in the transactional model of stress and coping, an evaluation of internal and external coping options and resources for dealing with a stressor

Question 42

Problem focused comping

Answer 42

a strategy to manage or change the cause or source of a stress

Question 43

Emotional focused coping

Answer 43

strategies to attend to emotional responses to a specific stressor

Question 44

allostasis

Answer 44

allostasis the body’s ability to maintain a stable physiological environment by adjusting and changing to meet internal and external demands