Chapter 12 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Which one of the following stress situations results in folding of flat-lying, sedimentary strata?
A) horizontally directed; extensional stresses
B) vertically directed; extensional or stretching stresses
C) vertically directed; compressional stresses
D) horizontally directed; compressive stresses
horizontally directed; compressive stresses
Which one of the following is consistent with deformation by folding?
A) The crust is stretched and elongated.
B) Horizontal distance is shortened perpendicular to fold axes.
C) The crust is thinned.
D) Horizontal distance perpendicular to fold axes is lengthened.
Horizontal distance is shortened perpendicular to fold axes.
What do you feed Nikki when she is sick and won't eat? A) Ice Cream B) Steak N Shake Cheese Fries C) Vegetable Broth D) Cheese Shells
Steak N Shake Fries
Brittle deformation would be favored over plastic deformation in which of the following conditions? A) high confining pressures B) shallow depths C) cooler temperatures D) warmer temperatures
cooler temperatures
Which one of the following is true for anticlines but not for synclines?
A) After erosion, the younger strata are exposed along the axial region of the fold.
B) Some may be asymmetric and some may have plunging axes.
C) The deeper strata are buckled upward along the fold axis.
D) The limbs dip or are inclined towards the fold axis.
The deeper strata are buckled upward along the fold axis
A deeply eroded, structural basin would exhibit ________.
A) outcrops of the oldest strata in the center of the basin
B) older strata at the edges of a basin dip away from a central, horizontal, fold axis
C) strata dipping outward away from the center of the basin
D) strata oriented in roughly circular, outcrop patterns
strata oriented in roughly circular, outcrop patterns
Of the following, what are the TWO best ways to get Nikki to stop being mad about something? A) Apology + Flowers B) Apology + Cuddles & Kisses C) Apology + Dancing D) Apology + Sex E) Apology + Jewelry
Apology + Cuddles & Kisses
Apology + Dancing
Flowers, Jewelry, and Sex are Very Bad Ideas when I am mad
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks. A) dip slip B) strike slip C) oblique slip D) stick slip
strike slip
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are the products of horizontally directed, tensional stresses. A) Crustal thickening B) Reverse faults C) Normal faults D) Thrust faults
Normal faults
A thrust fault is best described as ________.
A) a vertical, normal fault
B) a low-angle, reverse fault
C) a near vertical, strike-slip fault
D) a steeply inclined, oblique-slip fault
a low-angle, reverse fault
A transform fault is ________.
A) a dip-slip fault connecting an anticline with a syncline
B) the rift bounding faults on a mid-ocean ridge
C) a reverse fault that steepens into a thrust fault
D) a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates
a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates
A syncline is ________.
A) a fold characterized by recumbent limbs
B) a fold in which the strata dip toward the axis
C) a fold in which the strata dip away from the axis
D) a fold with only one limb
a fold in which the strata dip toward the axis
In a normal fault ________.
A) the hanging wall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
B) the hanging wall block above an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
C) the footwall block above an inclined fault plane moves upward relative to the other block
D) the footwall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
the hanging wall block above an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
In a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fault, the hanging wall block move up with respect to the footwall block. A) abnormal B) normal C) reverse D) inverse
reverse
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a prominent ridge formed by differential erosion of tilted, alternating hard and soft strata. A) scarp face B) wadi C) mesa D) hogback
hogback
A horst is ________.
A) an uplifted block bounded by two reverse faults
B) a downdropped block bounded by two reverse faults
C) an uplifted block bounded by two normal faults
D) a downdropped block bounded by two normal faults
an uplifted block bounded by two normal faults
Which one of the following best describes the geology of the Black Hills region in South Dakota?
A) an eroded syncline with older, sedimentary strata in the axial region and younger, metamorphic rocks around the margins
B) a basin filled with folded, sedimentary rocks and thick coal beds
C) an elongate dome cored by Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks
D) a large graben deeply eroded by Pleistocene glaciers
an elongate dome cored by Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks
A graben is characterized by ________.
A) a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults
B) a hanging wall block that has moved up between two reverse faults
C) a footwall block that has moved up between two normal faults
D) a footwall block that has moved down between two reverse faults
a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults
The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of the western United States formed in response to ________.
A) tensional stresses and normal-fault movements
B) normal faulting and horizontal compression
C) strike-slip faulting and hanging wall block uplifts
D) reverse faults and large displacement, thrust faulting
tensional stresses and normal-fault movements
The geologic map of Illinois shows younger, Pennsylvanian rocks (in a roughly circular pattern) surrounded by older Paleozoic rocks. What is this structure? A) graben B) dome C) basin D) hogback
basin
Jointing in rocks is characterized by ________.
A) roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement
B) the hinge lines connecting two limbs of an anticline or syncline
C) structures formed where normal and reverse faults intersect
D) closely spaced, parallel faults along which the blocks have moved in opposite directions
roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. A) San Luis Obispo thrust fault B) Sierra Nevada frontal fault C) San Francisco normal fault D) San Andreas strike-slip fault
San Andreas strike-slip fault
Fractures in rock that have not involved any fault slippage are called joints.
True or False
True
A graben is an upraised block bounded by two reverse faults.
True or False
False
