Chapter 12

Question 1

___ cancer is MC cancer-related death in males and females

Answer 1

lung cancer

Question 2

95% of alveolar surface is ________

Answer 2

type I pneumocytes

Question 3

collapsed lung (decrease volume)
FAILURE TO EXPAND
decrease O2 blood is shunted

Answer 3

atelectasis

Question 4

three types of atelectasis

Answer 4

resorption
compression
contraction

Question 5

• atelectasis with airway obstruction

- prevents air from reaching distal airways

Answer 5

resorption atelectasis

Question 6

atelectasis that is passive
pleural cavity fills with serous fluid, blood, air
mechanically collapses lung

Answer 6

compression atelectasis

Question 7

air accumulates within the pleural cavity

Answer 7

pneumothorax

Question 8

bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis are all parts of _____

Answer 8

mucopurulent plug

Question 9

cicatrization atelectasis (SCAR FORMATION)
- recovery is limited
- interstitial fibrosis
- pleural fibrosis
decrease inhalation

Answer 9

contraction atelectasis

Question 10

severe trauma, infection (sepsis, pneumonia)
- diffuse alveolar damage
- bilateral vascular and epithelial damage
inflammation that prevents gas exchange –> hypoxia

Answer 10

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 11

____ is 40% lethal, survival is 6-12 month long recovery

Answer 11

ARDS

Question 12

2 categories of pulmonary disease

Answer 12

obstructive diseases

restrictive diseases

Question 13

pulmonary disease with airflow resistance
decrease expiratory flow rate = wheezing
emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, asthma

Answer 13

obstructive diseases

Question 14

pulmonary disease with decrease lung expansion
chest wall disorders: pleura, NMS
interstitial lung diseases: fibrosis
decreased forced vital capacity, normal expiration

Answer 14

restrictive diseases

Question 15

permanent pulmonary destruction
*destruction of alveolar septa*
*enlarged acini
dyspnea
NO fibrosis
inflammatory cells accumulate

Answer 15

emphysema

Question 16

two types of emphysema

Answer 16

centriacinar

panacinar

Question 17

emphysema that is 20x MC than other type and isMC in LUNG APICES

• destruction to CENTRAL acini
  risk: chronic smoking

Answer 17

centriacinar

Question 18

emphysema in which acini are uniformly affected
MC in LOWER LUNGS
risk: a1- antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 18

panacinar

Question 19

inflammation
smoking
progressive dyspnea, cough, hyperventilation, wheezing, weight loss

Answer 19

emphysema

Question 20

pink puffer is associated with:

Answer 20

emphysema

Question 21

less surface area for gas exchange –> less vascular bed for gas exchange, so body then has to compensate by hyperventilation is termed

Answer 21

pink puffer

Question 22

hypersecretion of mucus in trachea and bronchi
Risks: smoking- air pollutants are MC
bronchial inflammation

Answer 22

chronic bronchitis

Question 23

blue bloater is associated with:

Answer 23

chronic bronchitis

Question 24

pronounced and productive cough lasting > 3 consecutive months in > 2 consecutive years
sputum production: yellow/green
risk for secondary microbial infection

Answer 24

chronic bronchitis

Question 25

cyanosis and obesity -->

Answer 25

blue bloater

Question 26

difference btwn emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Answer 26

emphysema -- permanent destruction of pulmonary capillary bed chronic bronchitis-- no damage

Question 27

emphysema and chronic bronchitis grouped together are known as

Answer 27

chonric obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 28

COPD is in 10% of adults and ______ is MC risk; __________ obstructions

Answer 28

smoking | irreversible airflow

Question 29

reversible airway obstruction

Answer 29

asthma

Question 30

timing of asthma is usually

Answer 30

morning and evenings

Question 31

asthma includes __________: reversible obstruction, and _______ muscle hypertrophy and hyperactivity

Answer 31

bronchoconstriction | smooth muscle

Question 32

___ % of US have asthma (hygiene hypothesis) | 2 types include:

Answer 32

10% atopic non-atopic

Question 33

MC type of asthma (70%) - type I hypersensitivity - allergens - childhood onset

Answer 33

atopic

Question 34

asthma AKA intrinsic asthma - bronchial hyper-responsiveness - various non-allergic stimuli - idiopathic - exercise/cold air - aspirin

Answer 34

non-atopic

Question 35

wheel and flare reaction is associated with

Answer 35

atopic asthma

Question 36

asthma with severe wheezing/dyspnea *thickened* airway wall hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscles and submucosal glands --> mucoid plugs

Answer 36

chronic asthma

Question 37

in chronic asthma, acini have _______ inflammation - may be lethal - no response to bronchodilators or steroids

Answer 37

progressive

Question 38

``` permanent fixation of bronchial tree MC in LOWER LOBES -obstruction --> necrotizing infection -lung CA, TB, chronic bronchitis, foreign bodies - destroys tissue ```

Answer 38

bronchiectasis

Question 39

bilateral bronchiectasis is called:

Answer 39

cystic fibrosis

Question 40

group of disorders that decreases compliance - MC bilateral, chronic - diffuse infiltration - "ground glass shadows" - "honeycomb lung"

Answer 40

chronic interstitial lung diseases