Chapter 12

Question 1

a type of research design where a comparison is made, as in an experiment, but no random assignment of participants to groups occurs

Answer 1

Quasi-Experiments

Question 2

a behavior is measured twice

Answer 2

pretest-posttest designs

Question 3

events that occur during the course of a study to all or individual participants that can result inn bias

Answer 3

history effect

Question 4

occur when participants are tested multiple times and each subsequent test is affected by the previous tests

Answer 4

testing effects

Question 5

can occur when participants score higher or lower than their personal average—the next time they are tested, they are more likely to score near their personal average, making scores unreliable

Answer 5

Regression toward the mean

Question 6

pretest-posttest design w/two sets of nonequivalent groups, one set that takes the pretest and posttest and one set that takes only the posttest

Answer 6

Solomon 4 group design

Question 7

a research design where patterns of scores over time are compared from before a treatment is implemented and after a treatment is implemented

Answer 7

time series designs

Question 8

a time series design where the “treatment” is an independent event, such as a historical event

Answer 8

interrupted time series design

Question 9

a time series design where the “treatment” is implemented by the researcher

Answer 9

non-interrupted time series design 7

Question 10

natural changes that occur to the participants during the course of a study that can result in bias

Answer 10

maturation

Question 11

occurs when participants choose not to complete a study.

Answer 11

attrition