Chapter 12

Question 1

broad-spectrum pesticide

Answer 1

a pesticide that that kills a variety of organisms, including beneficial organisms, in addition to the target pest

Question 2

economic development

Answer 2

an expansion in a government’s economy, viewed by many as the best way to raise the standard of living

Question 3

Food insecurity

Answer 3

the condition in which people live with chronic hunger and malnutrition

Question 4

Genetic engineering

Answer 4

The manipulation of genes to produce a specific trait.

example: taking a specific gene from one species and placing it into an unrelated species to produce a particular trait

Question 5

Genetic resistance

Answer 5

An inherited characteristic that decreases the effect of a given agent (such as a pesticide) on an organism (such as a pest)

Question 6

Germplasm

Answer 6

Any plant or animal material that may be used in breeding

Question 7

Habitat fragmentation

Answer 7

the breakup of large areas of habitat into small, isolated patches

Question 8

Industrialized agriculture

Answer 8

Modern agricultural methods, which require a large capital input and less land and labor than traditional methods

Question 9

Integrated pest management (IPM)

Answer 9

A combination of pest control methods that if used in the proper order and at the proper times, keeps the size of a pest population low enough to prevent substantial economic loss

Question 10

Degradation (of land)

Answer 10

Natural or human- induced processes that decrease the future ability of the land to support crops or livestock

Question 11

over nutrition

Answer 11

A type of malnutrition where in which there is an over consumption of calories that leaves the body susceptible to disease

Question 12

Pesticide

Answer 12

A toxic chemical used to kill pests.

Question 13

Pheromone

Answer 13

A natural substance produced by animals to stimulate a response in other members of the same species

Question 14

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 14

Traditional agricultural methods, which are dependent on labor and a large amount of land to produce enough food to feed oneself and one’s family

Question 15

sustainable agriculture

Answer 15

Agricultural methods that maintain soil productivity and healthy enough for the population

Question 16

Plate tectonics

Answer 16

The study of the processes by which the lithospheric plates move over the asthenosphere

Question 17

Biological control

Answer 17

A method of pest control that involves the use of naturally occurring disease organisms, parasites, or predators to control pests