Chapter 12

Question 1

PMAT

Answer 1

Interphase: duplicates chromosomes
Prophase 1: crossing over, spindle fibers attach to chromosome
Metaphase 1: chromosomes line up in the middle and undergo independent assortment
Anaphase 1: chromosomes move apart
Telophase 1: two new cells are made from the original chromosome
Prophase 2: spindle fibers attach to chromosome
Metaphase 2: chromosomes line up in the middle
Anaphase 2: chromosomes move apart
Telophase 2: two new cells are made

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

Duplicates chromosomes

Question 3

Prophase 1

Answer 3

Crossing over, spindle fibers attach to chromosome

Question 4

Metaphase 1

Answer 4

Chromosomes line up in the middle and undergo independent assortment

Question 5

Anaphase 1

Answer 5

Chromosomes move apart

Question 6

Telophase 1

Answer 6

Two new cells are made from the original chromosome

Question 7

Prophase 2

Answer 7

Spindle fibers attach to chromosome

Question 8

Metaphase 2

Answer 8

Chromosomes line up in the middle

Question 9

Anaphase 2

Answer 9

Chromosomes move apart

Question 10

Telophase 2

Answer 10

Two new cells are made

Question 11

Blood type

Answer 11

• 3 alleles

- A, B, AB, O

Question 12

Ia

Answer 12

A Blood Type

-Dominant

Question 13

Ib

Answer 13

B Blood Type

-Dominant

Question 14

i

Answer 14

O blood type

-Recessive

Question 15

Blood type and corresponding genotype

Answer 15

Blood type: O, Genotype: ii
Blood type: A, Genotype: I(^A)i (heterozygous) or I(^A)I(^A) (homozygous)
Blood type: B, Genotype: I(^B)i or I(^B)I(^B)
Blood type: AB, Genotype: I(^A)I(^B)

Question 16

4 Genetic Problems

Answer 16

1. One Trait: Monohybrid cross
   - 2 heterozygotes mate
   - Aa x Aa
2. Two Trait: Dihybrid Cross
   - AaBb x AaBb
   - 2 traits
   - Heterozygous for all traits
3. Sex-linked
   
   • Punnet squares
4. Blood type: 3 alleles
   
   • Blood Type/phenotype
     
     • O
     • A
     • B
     • AB
     • Ia= A Blood Type
     • Ib= B Blood Type
     • i= O blood type

Question 17

Genotype

Answer 17

Genetics
Genes, 2 of the same letters in a regular cell
     -Hair color ---> A=brown, a=blonde
     - AA= homozygous dominant
     - Aa= heterozygous
     - aa= homozygous recessive

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

Physical characteristics

Trait that gets expressed —> genotype determines phenotype

Question 19

Homozygous

Answer 19

Same genotype —> purebred

Question 20

Heterozygous

Answer 20

Different genotypes —> hybrid

Question 21

Dominant

Answer 21

Trait that shows up, even when the genotype is heterozygous, overpowers the recessive

Question 22

Recessive

Answer 22

Needs 2 alleles for the trait to be seen and to be able to match the dominant

Question 23

Diploid

Answer 23

A cell with a full set of genetic info (46 chromosomes)

-Somatic cell

Question 24

Haploid

Answer 24

Half the amount of genetic info (23 chromosomes)

-Gamete cell (sperm or ova)

Question 25

Principle of segregation

Answer 25

Chromosomes move apart to make haploid cells

Question 26

Independent assortment

Answer 26

Chromosomes move independently of each other

Question 27

Allele

Answer 27

A variation form of a gene