Chapter 12 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Diseases associated with the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, stroke, and congenital cardiovascular defects
CVD is the cause of 37% of deaths in the U.S.
Two out of every three people with diabetes die from CVD
Lifetime risk for CVD is two in three for men and more than one in two for women at 40 years of age
The best defense against CVD is to reduce your risks and prevent it from developing in the first place
The cardiovascular system consists of:
(1) the heart
(2) arteries
(3) arterioles (small arteries)
(4) veins
(5) venules (small veins)
(6) capillaries (minute blood vessels)
Atria (singular: atrium)
The heart’s two upper chambers which receive blood
Ventricles
The heart’s two lower chambers, which pump blood through the blood vessels
Arteries
Vessels which carry blood away from the heart, except for the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Veins
Vessels that carry blood back to the heart from other regions of the body
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Cluster of electric pulse-generating cells that serves as a natural pacemaker for the heart
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and hardening of arteries
Atherosclerosis
Condition characterized by deposits of fatty substances (plaque) on the inner lining of an artery; the most common form of coronary artery disease (CAD)
Plaque
Buildup of deposits in the arteries
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Atherosclerosis occurring in the lower extremities, such as in the feet, calves, or legs, or in the arms
Ischemia
A reduced supply of oxygen to a body part or organ
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the greatest killer, accounting for nearly one in six deaths in the U.S.
Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, involves an area of the heart that suffers permanent damage because its normal blood supply has been blocked
Approximately 785,000 new heart attacks and 470,000 recurrent heart attacks occur each year
A stroke (also called a cerebrovascular accident) occurs when blood supply to the brain is interrupted
Tachycardia
Abnormally fast heartbeat
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow heartbeat
Underlying causes of heart failure include heart injury from CVD risks, including:
(1) uncontrolled high blood pressure
(2) rheumatic fever
(3) pneumonia
(4) heart attack
(5) uncontrolled sleep apnea
Arrhythmia
An irregularity in heartbeat
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
Brief interruption of the blood supply to the brain that causes only temporary impairment
