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Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Addiction

A

Continued involvement with a substance or activity despite its ongoing negative consequences

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2
Q

Physiological Dependence

A

The adaptive state of brain and body processes that occurs with regular addictive behavior and results in withdrawal if the addictive behavior stops

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3
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

Dependency of the mind on a substance or behavior, which can lead to psychological withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety, irritability, or cravings

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4
Q

List the five common characteristics of addiction.

A

(1) compulsion
(2) loss of control
(3) negative consequences
(4) denial
(5) inability to abstain, or restrain oneself from doing or enjoying something

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5
Q

Process Addiction

A

A condition in which a person is dependent on (addicted to) some mood-altering behavior or process, such as gambling, buying, or exercise

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6
Q

Codependence

A

A self-defeating relationship pattern in which a person is controlled by an addict’s addictive behavior

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7
Q

A codependent person finds it difficult to set healthy boundaries and often lives in a chaotic, crisis-oriented mode

A

An estimated 1 in 8 internet users will likely experience internet addiction

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8
Q

Enablers

A

People who knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the natural consequences of their behavior

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9
Q

List some examples of process addictions.

A

(1) gambling disorder
(2) compulsive buying disorder
(3) exercise addiction
(4) technology addictions

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10
Q

Symptoms that signal that a person has crossed the line into compulsive buying include:

A

(1) preoccupation with shopping and spending
(2) buying more than one of the same item
(3) shopping for longer periods than intended
(4) repeatedly buying much more than he or she needs or can afford
(5) buying to the point that it interferes with social activities or work and creates financial problems
(6) keeping items in the closet with tags attached
(7) hiding purchases from loved ones and relatives

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11
Q

A large portion of Americans with the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa use exercise to purge instead of, or in addition to, self-induced vomiting

A

Exercise addicts use exercise compulsively to try to meet needs–for nurturance, intimacy, self-esteem, and self-competency

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12
Q

Drugs

A

Substances other than food that are intended to affect the structure or function of the mind or the body through chemical action

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13
Q

Prescription medications, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, legal substances such as alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco, and illegal substances such as heroin and methamphetamines are all drugs

A

Diet pills often contain a stimulant such as caffeine or a herbal ingredient claimed to promote weight loss, such as Hoodia gordonii

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14
Q

Polydrug Use

A

Taking several medications, vitamins, recreational drugs, or illegal drugs simultaneously

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15
Q

Synergism (also called potentiation)

A

An interaction of two or more drugs in which the effects of the individual drugs are multiplied beyond what would normally be expected if they were taken alone

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16
Q

Antagonism

A

A type of interaction in which two or more drugs work at the same receptor site so that one blocks the action of the other

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17
Q

Inhibition

A

A drug interaction in which the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug at the same receptor site

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18
Q

Intolerance

A

A type of interaction in which two or more drugs produce extremely uncomfortable reactions

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19
Q

Cross-tolerance

A

Development of a tolerance to one drug that reduces the effects of another, similar drug

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20
Q

People who appear to be most vulnerable to abusing OTC drugs include:

A

(1) teenagers
(2) young adults
(3) people over the age of 65

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21
Q

Large doses of products containing DXM can cause:

A

(1) hallucinations
(2) loss of motor control
(3) “out of body” (dissociative) sensations

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22
Q

Caffeine is the most popular and widely consumed drug in the United States that enhances mental alertness and reduces feelings of fatigue

A

Caffeine is derived from the chemical family called xanthines, which are found in coffee, tea, and chocolate

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23
Q

The side effects of caffeine include:

Study These Flashcards
A

(1) wakefulness
(2) insomnia
(3) irregular heartbeat
(4) dizziness
(5) nausea
(6) indigestion
(7) mild delirium
(8) heartburn

24
Q

High doses of OTC drugs can cause hallucinations, bizarre sleep patterns, and sometimes death

Study These Flashcards
A

Sleep aids can cause problems with the sleep cycle, weaken areas of the body, or induce narcolepsy

25
Prescription drug abuse is particularly common among teenagers and young adults
Abuse of opioids, narcotics, and pain relievers can result in life-threatening respiratory depression (reduced breathing)
26
Abuse of depressants can result in seizures, respiratory depression, and decreased heart rate
Abuse of stimulants can cause elevated body temperature, irregular heartbeat, cardiovascular system failure, and fatal seizures
27
Illicit drug users span all age groups, genders, ethnicities, occupations, and socioeconomic groups
Among youth, illicit drug use, notably of marijuana, has been rising in recent years
28
Cocaine use is down sharply, but LSD use has more than doubled
Commonly used illegal stimulants include cocaine, amphetamines, and methamphetamine
29
Why do some college students use drugs?
(1) positive expectations (2) genetics and family history (3) substance use in high school (4) curiosity (5) social norms (6) sorority and fraternity membership (7) stress (8) mental health problems
30
Why don't some college students use drugs?
(1) parental attitudes and behavior (2) religion and spirituality (3) student engagement (4) college athletics (5) healthy social network
31
Stimulant
A drug that increases activity of the central nervous system
32
Marijuana is derived from either the Cannibis sativa or Cannibis indica (hemp) plant
Rohypnol, a potent tranquilizer, serves as the most publicized "date rape" drug
33
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
The psychoactive substance in marijuana and the key to determining how powerful a high it will produce
34
Benzodiazepines
Sedative-hypnotic drugs commonly known as tranquilizers
35
Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for:
(1) tension (2) muscular strain (3) sleep problems (4) anxiety (5) panic attacks (6) alcohol withdrawal
36
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
A central nervous system depressant known to have euphoric, sedative, and anabolic (bodybuilding) effects
37
The side effects of GHB include:
(1) nausea (2) vomiting (3) seizures (4) hallucinations (5) coma (6) respiratory distress (7) loss of memory (8) unconsciousness (9) amnesia (10) death
38
Barbiturates
Drugs that depress the central nervous system, have sedative and hypnotic effects, and are less safe than benzodiazepines
39
Opioids
Narcotics, or highly addictive drugs derived from the parent drug opium that induce sleep, relieve pain, and produce euphoria (can also lower heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure)
40
Opium
A dark, resinous substance made from the milky juice of the opium poppy seedpod
41
The side effects of opioids include:
(1) weakness (2) dizziness (3) nausea (4) vomiting (5) euphoria (6) decreased sex drive (7) visual disturbances (8) lack of coordination
42
Heroin
A white powder derived from morphine which is usually injected intravenously ("mainlined")
43
Symptoms of withdrawal from heroin include:
(1) intense desire for the drug (2) sleep disturbance (3) dilated pupils (4) loss of appetite (5) irritability (6) goose bumps (7) muscle tremors
44
Hallucinogens
Psychedelics, or substances that are capable of creating auditory or visual hallucinations and unusual changes in mood, thoughts, and feelings
45
Methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
Ecstasy, or a synthetic compound with both stimulant and mildly hallucinogenic effects which serves as one of the most well-known club drugs or "designer drugs"
46
Physical consequences of Ecstasy use may include:
(1) mild to extreme jaw clenching (2) tongue and cheek chewing (3) short-term memory loss or confusion (4) increased body temperature (5) increased heart rate and blood pressure
47
Doses between 5 and 10 mg Phencyclidine (PCP) cause:
(1) fever (2) salavation (3) nausea (4) vomiting (5) total loss of sensitivity to pain
48
Doses greater than 10 mg PCP result in:
(1) a drastic drop in blood pressure (2) coma (3) muscular rigidity (4) violent outbursts (5) possible convulsions and death
49
Mescaline
A powerful hallucinogen and central nervous system stimulant derived from the peyote cactus of the southwestern United States and Latin America
50
Natives of the southwestern United States and Latin America have long used dried peyote "buttons" for religious purposes
Anabolic steroids can produce a state of euphoria and diminished fatigue in addition to increased bulk and power in both sexes
51
Psilocybin
An active chemical in a group of mushrooms sometimes called "magic mushrooms" that is similar in physical effects to LSD, which generally wear off in 4 to 6 hours
52
Ketamine
"Special K", or a club drug which causes hallucinations, because it inhibits the relay of sensory input
53
Ketamine has effects similar to those of PCP including:
(1) confusion (2) agitation (3) aggression (4) lack of coordination
54
Inhalants
Chemicals whose vapors, when inhaled, can cause hallucinations and create intoxicating and euphoric effects
55
The effects of inhalants usually last fewer than 15 minutes and resemble those of central nervous system depressants--these include:
(1) dizziness (2) disorientation (3) impaired coordination (4) reduced judgement (5) slowed reaction times
56
Anabolic steroids
Artificial forms of the male hormone testosterone that promote muscle growth and strength

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