Chapter 12 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Overall functions of nervous system
Maintain homeostasis
Perception, behaviors, memories
Voluntary movements
Nervous system cells
Neurons–send signals
Neuroglia–support neurons
Basic functions of nervous system and the cells they use
Sensory–afferent
Processors–interneurons (is this tack sharp?)
Motor–efferent
Two divisions of nervous system
Central (CNS)
Peripheral (PNS)
Parts of CNS
Brain and spinal chord
Parts of PNS
Somatic
Autonomic
Enteric
Function of somatic division of PNS
Voluntary muscle control
Autonomic PNS
Glands, smooth muscle, heart and other organs
Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
ANYWHERE CONTROL IS UNCONSCIOUS
Enteric division of PNS
Digestion
White matter
Mylinated axons
Inside of brain, outside of spinal chord
The more connections you have between neurons, the smarter you are
Grey matter
Dendrites, cell bodies, synapses
Outside of brain, inside of spinal chord
Cell body of a neuron
Lacks centrioles
Produces many proteins, so they have a lot of ER (nissel bodies)
Dendrites
Receive signals
Have bumps to adjust their own sensitivity by taking then up and down
Axon hillock
Initial zone 👉 trigger
Decide if signal is strong enough to fire
Axoplasm
Cytoplasm of axon
Axolemma
Membrane of axon
Collateral
Branches of axon
Multipolar
Normal neuron, brain and spinal cord
Anaxonic
Can’t tell axon from dendrites
Bipolar
Normal axon, singular dendrite that fans out
Unipolar
Body is out of the way, dendrite directly connected to axon
Where our bodies are most likely to get damaged
Myelin sheath
Lipid insulation that protects against ion leakage
Development of myelin sheath
During development, Cells wrap around axon and squeeze out cytoplasm
Schwann cell in CNS (smaller, more modes of ranvier)
Oligodendrocyte in PNS (bigger, less nodes of ranvier )
