Chapter 12 Flashcards
(31 cards)
(1812-1815): fought b/w US and Britain largely over issues of trade and impressment. Ended in relative draw, but showed the US willingness to fight for their beliefs and earned respect from the European nations. “2nd war for independence.”
War of 1812
Battle won by the US and Andrew Jackson. Was a decisive win for the United States in the War of 1812.
Battle of New Orleans
(1814-1815): Convention of major European powers to redraw the boundaries of continental Europe after the defeat of Napoleonic France.
Congress of Vienna
1815): Ended the War of 1812 in a virtual draw, restoring prewar borders but failing to address and of the grievances that first brought America into the war.
Treaty of Ghent
(1814-1815): convention of Federalists from 5 New England states who opposed the War of 1812 and resented the strength of Southern and Western interests in Congress and in the White House.
Hartford Convention
(1817): Signed by Britain and the US, established strict limits on naval armaments in the Great Lakes, a first step in the full demilitarization of the US-Canadian border, finalized in the 1870s.
Rush-Bagot Agreement
First protective tariff in US History, created primarily to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812.
Tariff of 1816
(1820s): Henry Clay’s three pronged system to promote American industry. Clay advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network.
American System
(1816-1824): Popular name for the period of one-party, Republican, rule during James Madison’s presidency. The term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements, slavery, and the national bank.
The Era of Good Feelings
severe financial crisis brought on primarily by the efforts of the Bank of the United States to curb over-speculation on western lands. It disproportionally affected the poorer classes, especially in the West, sowing the seeds of Jacksonian Democracy.
The Panic of 1819
Fueled the settlement of the Northwest and Missouri territories by lowering the price of public land. Also prohibited the purchase of federal acreage on credit, thereby eliminating on of the causes of the Panic of 1819.
land act of 1820
1819): Failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into Missouri territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation. Southerners opposed this, which they perceived as a threat to the sectional balance between the North and the South.
Tallmadge Amendment
Widely used term for the institution of American Slavery in the South. Its use in the first half of the 19th century reflected a growing division in the North, where slavery was gradually abolished, and the South, where slavery became increasingly entrenched.
Peculiar institution
(1820): Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between North and South by carving free-soil Maine out of the Massachusetts and prohibiting slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase, north of the line 36.30.
The Missouri Compromise
(1819): Supreme Court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States by establishing that the state bank of Maryland did not have power to tax the bank.
McCulloch v. Maryland
idea of using the elastic clause as a way of interpreting the constitution
Loose construction
Case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government.
Cohens v. Virginia
(1824): suit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters. The ruling reasserted that Congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce.
Gibbons v. Ogden
(1810): Established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the Constitution.
Fletcher v. Peck
(1819): Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth University’s original charter against changes proposed by the New Hampshire state legislature, thereby protecting corporations from domination by state governments
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
(1818): Signed by Britain and the US, the pact allowed New England fishermen access to Newfoundland fisheries, established the Northern border of Louisiana territory and provided for the joint occupation of the Oregon Country for 10 years.
Anglo-American Convention
(1819): Under the agreement, Spain ceded Florida to the US, which, in exchange, abandoned its claims to Texas.
Florida Purchase Territory (Adams-Onis Treaty)
Statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The US largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought free access to Latin American markets.
Monroe Doctrine
(1824): fixed the line of 54.40’ as the southernmost boundary of Russian holdings in North America
Russo-American Treaty
