Chapter 26

Question 1

What state was the Battle of Little Bighorn in

Answer 1

Montana

Question 2

Date of Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 2

June 25, 1876

Question 3

One of the most infamous conflicts between whites and

Native Americans.

Answer 3

Battle of Little Bighorn

Question 4

What was the reason for the Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 4

A reaction to the entrance of miners into the Black Hills and
to the corrupt behavior of white agents.

Question 5

U.S. leader in Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 5

General George

Armstrong Custer’s

Question 6

Inidan leaders in battle of little bighorn

Answer 6

Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull.

Question 7

Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull.left their reservation in the _______ in _____,
although ordered to return by white officials.

Answer 7

Dakotas, 1875

Question 8

BOLB marked the ______ and ___ of the Plains

Indians’ victories.

Answer 8

greatest and last

Question 9

_______ _____was arrested and

killed at his home by Indian police

Answer 9

Sitting Bull

Question 10

Date of the death of Sitting Bull

Answer 10

Dec. 15, 1890:

Question 11

Number of Indians and their type at BLOB

Answer 11

2,500 and 4,000 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors

Question 12

Number of US SOldiers at BOLB

Answer 12

200

Question 13

Some reservation Indians and some of Sitting
Bull’s followers fled to join up with _____ chief
________t, who was still living off the reservation

Answer 13

Lakota, Big Foot

Question 14

The army followed, and caught up with Big

Foot’s band in late _________

Answer 14

december

Question 15

date of Battle of Wounded Knee

Answer 15

December 29, 1890

Question 16

a Sioux religious revival

known as the

Answer 16

Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance

Question 17

Battle of Wounded Knee was the

Answer 17

last of a yearlong effort by the U.S.
government to outlaw a Sioux religious revival
known as the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance.

Question 18

The Ghost Dances raises

Answer 18

raises fears of Sioux uprising.

Question 19

killed in attempted arrest

Answer 19

Sitting Bull

Question 20

Battle of WK was Led by the ________ Cavalry.

Answer 20

Led by the Seventh Cavalry.

Question 21

BOWK resulted in the death of about

_______- Sioux Indians.

Answer 21

200

Question 22

This event marked the end of the Great Plains

Indian wars

Answer 22

Battle of Wounded Knee

Question 23

Factors Leading to the Defeat of

the Plains Indians

Answer 23

The arrival of the railroad in the West
• Disease
• Near-extermination of the buffalo
• Warfare with the U.S. Army

Question 24

The Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 24

A federal law which dismantled the Native American
concept of shared land in favor of the principle of
private property.

Question 25

Date of Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 25

February 8, 1887

Question 26

The Dawes Severalty Act Divided reservation land into individual ___ – usually ___ ____ per family

Answer 26

plots, 160 achres

Question 27

The goal of DS act was to assimilate Indians into American | society by:

Answer 27

Dissolving many tribes as legal entities. • Tried to make rugged individualists of the Indians. • Wiped out tribal ownership of land. • Promised Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years.

Question 28

Native Americans did not want to adopt | _____ _______’ way of life.

Answer 28

American settlers

Question 29

The DS Act was a major failure because

Answer 29

reservation land was poor, too small to be profitable – many Indians did not want to farm – some sold their land or were tricked out of it – helps destroy Indian culture. Without the buffalo, the Plains Indians’ way of life was destroyed

Question 30

By ______-_____: ____/_____ of ____ million acres of Indian | land was taken by whites

Answer 30

1887-1932, 2/3, 138

Question 31

Enormous _____ wealth taken from the mining frontier of the West helped to finance the Civil War.

Answer 31

mineral

Question 32

played a vital role in attracting the first | substantial white population in the West.

Answer 32

Frontier Mining

Question 33

The bitter conflict between Whites and Indians _______ as the mining frontier expanded.

Answer 33

The bitter conflict between Whites and Indians intensified as the mining frontier expanded.

Question 34

developed after the Civil War, when new railroads linked western ranges to growing Eastern markets.

Answer 34

the cattle boom

Question 35

Decline of the Long Drive and the Cattle Boom

Answer 35

``` The settlement of homesteading farms on range land • A series of extraordinarily severe winters • Overgrazing and overproduction • Barbed-wire fencing ```

Question 36

Homestead Act was made in what year

Answer 36

Homestead Act, 1862

Question 37

Homestead Act, 1862 - Provisions before they | could claim ownership:

Answer 37

``` 160 areas of land = a quarter-mile square – At least 21 years of age or the head of the household – American citizens or immigrants filing for citizenship – Built a house – minimum size (12 feet by 14 feet) Lived in the house for at least six months a year – Had to farm the land for five years in a row ```

Question 38

Results of HOmestead Act of 1862

Answer 38

``` Created more than 375,000 farms – By 1900, settlers filed 600,000 claims for more than 80 millions areas of land ```

Question 39

Drawbacks of the Homestead Act 1862

Answer 39

One problem was the 160 acres was inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains. • Made the assumption that public land should be administered in such a way as to promote frontier settlement.

Question 40

Most homesteaders built either a _____ or a ______ for homes.

Answer 40

a dugout or a soddie

Question 41

was a structure with the walls and roof made from strips of grass with the thick roots and earth attached.

Answer 41

soddie

Question 42

“Soddie”—sod home: cost less | than

Answer 42

$10

Question 43

Made life tough in midwest

Answer 43

Tough prairie soil, droughts, floods, dust storms, and insects

Question 44

ease the | burden of the midwest

Answer 44

Farm inventions ease the | burden

Question 45

steel plow

Answer 45

steel plow - Allows farmers to cut through dense, | root-choked sod.

Question 46

barbed wire

Answer 46

barbed wire - Keeps cattle from trampling crops and uses a minimal amount of lumber, which was scarce on the plains.

Question 47

dry farming

Answer 47

Allows cultivation of arid land by using drought-resistant crops and various techniques to minimize evaporation.

Question 48

bonanza farm

Answer 48

farms—Farms that were devoted to a single cash crop, were owned by corporations and made possible an enormous increase in the nation’s food output

Question 49

difficulties of farm life

Answer 49

Plains have virtually no trees. – Scarcity of water and Droughts threatened farm production – Backbreaking labor – Bugs that ravaged the fields (Locusts) – Money troubles: falling crop prices and rising farm debt.

Question 50

Settlers had to rely on each other, with these things

Answer 50

raising houses and | barns together, sewing quilts and husking corn.

Question 51

Many homesteaders ____ and headed back ____.

Answer 51

failed, east

Question 52

Organized in 1867, in response to farmers’ isolation.

Answer 52

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange):

Question 53

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange): organized in

Answer 53

1867

Question 54

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange): orginanal purpose

Answer 54

was to simulate self-improvement through | educational and social activities.

Question 55

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange) helped

Answer 55

helped farmers form cooperatives which bought goods in | large quantities at lower prices.

Question 56

effects of the Grange helping farmers

Answer 56

bought goods in large quantities at lower prices. pressured government to regulate businesses on which farmers depended.

Question 57

Farmers’ Alliance was formed in

Answer 57

1875

Question 58

Things the farmers alliance did

Answer 58

Took action to break the strangling grip of the railroads manufacturers through cooperative buying and selling. • Called actions that many farmers could support. • They won support for women’s rights.

Question 59

where and when did the pulman strike take place

Answer 59

Chicago, IL in 1894

Question 60

pulman strike led by

Answer 60

Eugene V. Debs

Question 61

Eugene V. Debs was the

Answer 61

Head of the | American Railway Union

Question 62

Debs organized the workers of the

Answer 62

Pullman | Palace Car Company

Question 63

Reason for pulman strike

Answer 63

The company cut wages by 1/3 | – The workers went on strike

Question 64

called in | federal troops to break up the strike.

Answer 64

U.S. Attorney General Richard Olney

Question 65

went to prison for 6 months for not ceasing | the strike.

Answer 65

zDebs

Question 66

Lasting Effects of the Pullman Strike

Answer 66

President Grover Cleveland justified intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that the strike was preventing the transit of the U.S. mail. • It was the first instance of government use of a federal court injunction to break up a strike. • Labor unions, Populists and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman strike proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government and the courts against working people.

Question 67

William McKinley

Answer 67

Republican – Served years in Congress representing Ohio – Civil War veteran – Gained a national reputation by sponsoring the McKinley Tariff Bill – Supported the Gold Standard

Question 68

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 68

Democrat From Nebraska Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to his rise as a pro-silver leader Supported the farmer’s demand for the unlimited coinage of silver Known for his “Cross of Gold” Speech in favor of silver

Question 69

Major issue in the campaign for election of 1896

Answer 69

was the free | and unlimited coinage of silver.

Question 70

Mckinley

Answer 70

a long period of Republican dominance. – was accompanied by waning voter participation in elections. – Mostly agrarian votes.

Question 71

Who won the election

Answer 71

McKinley

Question 72

numbers for the election

Answer 72

51%-47% popular, 61%-39%electoral

Question 73

reasons for conflict between crackers and indians

Answer 73

``` To avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites. • To punish whites for breaking treaties. • To defend their land against white invaders. • To preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement. ```