Chapter 12

Question 1

Adjudicate

Answer 1

To judge, or decide a case.

Question 2

Adjudication

Answer 2

When a juvenile has been declared delinquent or status offender, the matter has been resolved.

Question 3

Adjudication hearing

Answer 3

Formal proceeding where evidence is presented and a juvenile’s status is determined by the juvenile court judge.

Question 4

Automatic waivers

Answer 4

Jurisdictional laws that provide for automatic waivers of juveniles to criminal court for proceeding.

Question 5

Blended sentencing

Answer 5

Any type of sentencing where the judge can impose both and/or incarcerative penalties.

Question 6

Certification

Answer 6

Judicial, prosecutorial and legislative waivers

Question 7

Conditional disposition

Answer 7

Decisions by a juvenile court judge authorizing a penalty after an adjudication of delinquency has been made.

Question 8

Criminal-exclusive blend

Answer 8

Form of sentencing by a criminal court judge where either juvenile or adult sentences can be imposed but not both.

Question 9

Criminal-inclusive blend

Answer 9

Form of sentencing by a criminal court judge where both juvenile and adult sentences can be imposed simultaneously

Question 10

Custodial disposition

Answer 10

Outcome by juvenile judge following adjudication of juvenile as delinquent. Include non secure custody.

Question 11

Demand waiver

Answer 11

Request by juveniles to have their cases transferred to criminal courts.

Question 12

Direct file

Answer 12

Prosecutorial waiver of jurisdiction to a criminal court.

Question 13

Discretionary waivers

Answer 13

Transfers of juveniles to criminal courts by judges, at their discretion.

Question 14

Guardian ad litem

Answer 14

A court-appointed attorney who protects the interests of children.

Question 15

Judicial waiver

Answer 15

Decision by juvenile cout to waive juvenile to jurisdiction of criminal court.

Question 16

Juvenile-contiguous blend

Answer 16

Form of blended sentencing by a juvenile court judge where he can impose a disposition beyond the normal range for juvenile offenders.

Question 17

Juvenile-exclusive blend

Answer 17

Blended sentencing form where a juvenile court judge can impose either juvenile or adult sentences but not both.

Question 18

Juvenile-inclusive blend

Answer 18

Form of blended sentencing where a juvenile court judge can impose both juvenile and adult incarceration at the same time.

Question 19

Legislative waivers

Answer 19

Provisions that compel juvenile court to remand juvenile to criminal court because of specific offenses

Question 20

Mandatory transfer

Answer 20

Automatic waiver of juvenile to criminal court on the basis of their age or seriousness of offenses.

Question 21

Nominal disposition

Answer 21

Outcome in which juvenile is warned but returned to custody of parents.

Question 22

Nonsecure custody (confinement)

Answer 22

A facility that emphasizes the care of youth without the need to place constraints to ensure public protection

Question 23

Once an adult/always and adult

Answer 23

Provision that once a juvenile has been transferred to criminal court, the juvenile can never be tried in a juvenile court in the future.

Question 24

Presumptive waiver

Answer 24

Type of judicial waiver where burden of proof shifts from the state to the juvenile to contest whether youth is transferred to criminal court.

Question 25

Prosecutorial waiver

Answer 25

Authority of prosecutors in juvenile cases to transfer those cases to the jurisdiction of criminal court.

Question 26

Reverse waiver hearing

Answer 26

Proceeding to determine whether a transferred juvenile should be sent back to be tried in juvenile court.

Question 27

Secure custody

Answer 27

Incarceration of juveniles in a facility that stricts their movement in the community.

Question 28

Teen court

Answer 28

Court where youths try juvenile for non-serious misdemeanor

Question 29

Traditional courts

Answer 29

Courts where juvenile proceeding are characterized by individualized treatments. Opposite of due process courts.

Question 30

Transfer

Answer 30

Proceeding where the jurisdiction over juveniles shifts to criminal court from juvenile court.

Question 31

Waiver

Answer 31

Transfer of jurisdiction over a juvenile to a criminal court.

Question 32

Waiver hearing

Answer 32

Motion by prosecutor to transfer juvenile to a criminal or adult court for prosecution.