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Chemistry I > Chapter 12 and 13: Intermolecular Forces > Flashcards

Chapter 12 and 13: Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

1
Q

how are intemolecular forces to diffusion

A

IMF is inversely related to diffusion

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2
Q

what is the strength of gas’s IMF

A

weak

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3
Q

what is the strength of liquid’s IMF

A

moderate to strong IMF

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4
Q

what is the strength of solid’s IMF

A

strong IMF

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5
Q

as molecular motions increase, what happens to IMF

A

IMF decreases as molecular motions increase

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6
Q

how is kinetic energy related to IMF

A

IMF and KE are inversely related; when KE is high, IMF is low

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7
Q

what are intermolecular forces?

A

IMF is how atoms, molecules, and ions are attracted to or repelled from one another

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8
Q

intermolecular forces operate where in the molecule?

A

between molecules

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9
Q

IMF are based on what?

A

electrical interactions (unlike charges attract, like charges repel)

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10
Q

what does IMF do for molecules?

A

it hols them toghter in liquid and solids

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11
Q

strength of IMF depends on the BLANK of the molecules

A

structure

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12
Q

what are two key factors in the strength of IMF regarding structure of the molecule

A

the polarity and size of molecule

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13
Q

what is the boiling point of a liquid a measure of?

A

The strength of the IMF

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14
Q

the stronger the attractive forces in a liquid, the BLANK the temperature needed for separating the molecules form liquid state to a vapor

A

higher the temperature

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15
Q

what is indicated when size is similar but boiling point is different

A

the polarity of the molecules is different

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16
Q

what are the 4 types of IMF?

A

dipole-dipole forces, ion-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion forces

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17
Q

what is dipole-dipole force?

A

ineraction between 2 polar molecules

18
Q

what is ion-diple force?

A

interaction between ion and a polar molecule

19
Q

what is dispersion force?

A

interaction that occurs between ALL molecules

20
Q

stength of dispersion force depends on what?

A

molecular size

21
Q

what is hydrogen bond?

A

interaction between N-H, O-H, or F-H bond and a lone pair on an electronegative N, O, F atom on another molecule

22
Q

polar molecules have what kind of charges?

A

opposite charges

23
Q

the more polar a molecule the BLANK the dipole-dipole force

A

stronger

24
Q

all hydrocarbons are nonpolar or polar?

A

nonpolar

25
Q

what do disperions forces do to the electron cloud around a molecule or an atom?

A

dipsersion forces distort the cloud—think of a sphere being pulled into an egg shape

26
Q

why are larger molecules more polarizable?

A

larger molecules have greater number of electrons, thus their electrons are farther from the nuclei

27
Q

disperson forces generally increase with size, except when what bonds are involved?

A

hydrogen bonds

28
Q

strength of ion-dipole forces depend on what 3 things?

A

charge of the ion, size of the ion, and polarity the molecule

29
Q

in ion-dipole forces, what is the relationship between charge of ion and strength of force?

A

higher the charge, stronger the force

30
Q

in ion-dipole forces, what is the relationship between size of ion and strength of force?

A

the smaller the ion, the stronger the ion-dipole force

31
Q

in ion-dipole forces, what is the relationship between polarity of molecule and strength of force?

A

the more pole, the stronger the force

32
Q

what is vapor pressure of a liquid

A

the pressure exerted by the apor particles in equilibrium with the liquid at constant temperature

33
Q

in a closed container, rate of evaporation =

A

rate of condensation

34
Q

how is vapor pressure of a liquid related to stregth of IMF

A

vapor pressure is inversely related to strength of IMF; stronger IMF equals lower vapor pressure

35
Q

vapor pressure increases and what increases?

A

temperature

36
Q

what is the strongest intermolecular force and why?

A

ion-ion force, they have the highest formal charge

37
Q

what is the second strongest intermolecular force and why?

A

ion-dipole force, the charge of any ion is much greater than the charge of a dipole

38
Q

why are hydrogen bonds stronger than most dipole dipole forces?

A

hydrogen bonds contain O, N, and F, which are 3 of the most electronegative elements, therefore the most polarized

39
Q

describe partial polarity in London dispersion force

A

one side of an atom is slightly negative and one side is slightly positive… SLIGHTLY

40
Q

in a liquid, the amount of heat energy stored equals what?

A

the precise amount of energy needed for the particles to be liberated to a gas

41
Q

relationship between boiling point and attraction force

A

the stronger the attraction force of a substance, the higher the boiling point (or energy needed) to melt/boil/break the bonds

Chemistry I (16 decks)

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