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Chemistry I > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Equilibrium

A

the state of a system by which the rate of the rxn in forward direction equals the rate of the rxn in reverse direction

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2
Q

What type of change is there during equilibrium

A

no net change

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3
Q

equilibrium constant expression is also called…

A

low mass action

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4
Q

what is the equilibrium constant expression

A

products over reactants

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5
Q

what two way can equilibrium be expressed

A

pressure or concentration

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6
Q

concentration units

A

M

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7
Q

pressure units

A

ATM

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8
Q

describe the relationship between Kc and Kp

A

Kc and Kp are proportional, but not necessarily the same

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9
Q

when you reverse a rxn, what must you do to the expression

A

reverse the equilibrium constant expression as well
ex: Kc= [B][C]/[A] ….. Kc’=[A]/[B][C]

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10
Q

equation for Kp to Kc

A

Kp=Kc(RT)^change in n

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11
Q

what is constant R

A

0.8206 L*atm/mol k

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12
Q

Homogeneous equilibrium, all reactants and products are…

A

in the same phase

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13
Q

In Keq expression, what species are included and what species are excluded

A

only gases and species dissolved in solution are included in the expression, EXLUDE any pure solids or pure liquids

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14
Q

does equilibrium constant depend on temperature?

A

yes

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15
Q

Kp has reactants and products expressed as..

A

pressure

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16
Q

what does the magnitude of the equilibrium constant represent

A

the extent of the reaction

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17
Q

Keq > 1…

A

reaction favors the products, shifts left

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18
Q

Keq < 1…

A

reaction favors the reactants, shifts right

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19
Q

Keq = 1

A

equilibrium

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20
Q

what is Q

A

reaction quotient, it is the measure of extent of reaction at given time… snapshot

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21
Q

Q < Keq

A

too many reactants, forms more products

22
Q

Q > Keq

A

too many products, forms more reactants

23
Q
A
24
Q

if you add reactants what happens

A

rxn shifts right, more product formed

24
Q

Q = Keq

A

at equilibrium, no net change

25
Q

Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

a system at equilibrium which is disrupted to make it not at equilibrium will shift in a direction to re-establish equilibrium

26
Q

what is the heat of rxn in exothermic rxn

A

change in Heat of rxn<0

27
Q

when you add heat to exothermic rxn, what happens

A

rxn shifts left, Keq increases

28
Q

when more reactant is made, what happens to Keq

A

Keq decreases

29
Q

when you increase pressure, rxn will shift to what side

A

to side with less moles

30
Q

what impact does a catalyst have on equilibrium

A

no change to equilibrium, catalyst only changes rate of rxn

31
Q

equilibrium and rate of rxn are both affected by what?

A

temperature

32
Q

Beer’s law equation

A

A=(epsilon)lc

33
Q

what is special about epsilon (people don’t use it)

A

epsilon (molar absorbtivity constant) is generally unreliable because it depends on conditions

34
Q

initial concentration is always..

A

before rxn, after dilution

35
Q

Arrhenius definition

A

Acids: donate H+ ion in solution
Bases: donate OH- in solution

36
Q

Lowry-Bronstead definition

A

Acids: proton donor
Bases: proton acceptor

37
Q

Lewis definition

A

Acid: electron pair receptor
Base: electron pair donor

38
Q

What ions in solution act as Lewis Acids?

A

metal ions

39
Q

what is a ligand?

A

species that react with metal ions in solution, always anions or molecules with a lone pair

40
Q

amphoteric:

A

species that can act as either acid or base

41
Q

amphiprotic:

A

species that can accept/release Hydrogen ions

42
Q

name the 6 strong acids

A

HCl, H2SO4, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO4

43
Q

what bases are strong bases

A

soluble metal hydroxides

44
Q

what is an amine

A

organic compound derived from NH3

45
Q

Acids form:

A

conjugate bases

46
Q

how strong is the conjugate base of a strong acid

A

negligible base

47
Q

Strong acids/bases form:

A

negligible conjugate bases/acids

48
Q

weak acids and bases indicate what of the rxn’s direction

A

that the direction goes both ways

49
Q
A

Chemistry I (16 decks)

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