Chapter 12: Basics Of Chemistry

Question 1

The science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of organic matter

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

The study of substances that contain the element carbon

Answer 2

Organic Chemistry

Question 3

All hair color products, chemical texturizers, shampoos, conditioners, styling aids, nail enhancements, and skin care products are…?

Answer 3

Organic Chemicals

Question 4

Organic contains both ( ) and ( ) from either natural or synthetic sources.

Answer 4

carbon; hydrogen

Question 5

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain hydrogen

Answer 5

Inorganic Chemistry

Question 6

( ) is any substance that occupies space and has mass

Answer 6

Matter

Question 7

An ( ) is the simplest form of chemical matter

Answer 7

Element

Question 8

What cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity?

Answer 8

An element

Question 9

How many elements occur naturally?

Answer 9

98

Question 10

Each ( ) has their own distinct physical and chemical properties

Answer 10

Element

Question 11

What is the basic unit of matter with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around the nucleus in orbits

Answer 11

Atom

Question 12

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite proportions is…?

Answer 12

A molecule

Question 13

( ) are a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions.

Answer 13

Compound molecules

Question 14

What is an example of a compound molecule?

Answer 14

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) or table salt

Question 15

When one chemical changes it’s state of matter, the change is called….?

Answer 15

A physical change

Question 16

What has definite volume but takes the shape of its container?

Answer 16

A liquid

Question 17

( ) are characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.

Answer 17

Chemical properties

Question 18

An example of a chemical property is…?

Answer 18

The ability of iron to rust

Question 19

What is a change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance?

Answer 19

A Physical change

Question 20

An example of a chemical change is…?

Answer 20

The oxidation of haircolor

Question 21

What type of chemical reaction results in the oxidizing agent being reduced and the reducing agent being oxidized?

Answer 21

Redox

Question 22

Chemical reactions can release a significant amount of heat, these reactions are called…?

Answer 22

Exothermic reactions

Question 23

( ) is the rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

Answer 23

Combustion

Question 24

What is a chemical combination of matter in definite proportions?

Answer 24

A pure substance

Question 25

( ) is a great example of a physical mixture.

Answer 25

Air

Question 26

( ) contains many substances including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor

Answer 26

Air

Question 27

What is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent?

Answer 27

A solution

Question 28

The ( ) is the substance that is dissolved into solution.

Answer 28

Solute

Question 29

What dissolves the solute and makes the solution?

Answer 29

The solvent

Question 30

All ( ) are either miscible or immiscible

Answer 30

Liquids

Question 31

( ) are mutually soluble, meaning they can be mixed together to form clear solutions.

Answer 31

Miscible Liquids

Question 32

Water and alcohol ( nail polish remover) are examples of what?

Answer 32

Miscible Liquids

Question 33

What is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier?

Answer 33

An emulsion

Question 34

( ) are substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify; one type of emulsifier.

Answer 34

Surfactants

Question 35

The head of the surfactant molecule is...?

Answer 35

Hydrophilic

Question 36

The tail of the surfactant molecule is...?

Answer 36

Lipophilic

Question 37

What is an example of a water-in-oil emulsion?

Answer 37

Cold creams

Question 38

What are alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products?

Answer 38

Alkanolamines

Question 39

What is an example of an ammonia compound uses to perform a chemical service in the salon?

Answer 39

Ammonium Thioglycolate

Question 40

A sweet colorless oily substance used as a solvent and a moisturizer in skin and body creams is known as...?

Answer 40

Glycerin

Question 41

What is a common volatile organic compound used in hair spray?

Answer 41

SD alcohol (ethyl alcohol)

Question 42

What is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge?

Answer 42

Ion

Question 43

What is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions?

Answer 43

Ionization

Question 44

An ion with a positive charge is known as a...?

Answer 44

Cation

Question 45

A negatively charged ion is called an...?

Answer 45

Anion

Question 46

A pH of seven means the solution is...?

Answer 46

neutral