Chapter 12: Endocrine System Flashcards
(50 cards)
What system consists of ductless glands whose parenchymal cells synthesize and secrete their products - the hormones, directly into the blood and lymph capillaries?
endocrine system
The endocrine system consists of ductless glands whose parenchymal cells synthesize and secrete their products which are ?, directly into the blood and lymph capillaries
hormones
What gland is suspended by a stalk from the hypothalamus at the base of the diencephalon. It rests in a saddle-like depression in the sphenoid bone, the sella turcica, behind the optic chiasm.
pituitary gland
What arises as an upward evagination of the ectoderm lining the primitive oral cavity. It contacts and fuses with the neurohypophyseal downward.
adenohypophysis
What arises as downward growth of the neural ectoderm of the hypothalamus and is therefore actually a part of the brain?
neurohypophysis
The hypothalamic hormones that control the function of the adenohypophysis are the?
releasing factors or the inhibitory factors
From the hypothalamus, what are carried to the adenohypophysis? they then stimulate certain cells to secrete and release specific hormones into the circulation.
releasing factors
What is the largest subdivision of the pituitary. It is made up of clusters and cords of cells in close apposition to a dense network of sinusoidal capillaries.
Pars distalis (pars anterior)
- This type of cell in the Pars Distalis is pale staining or have little affinity for stains that appear clear or white in tissue sections. It is believed to be partially degranulated acidophils or basophils.
- Usually clustered and may form the center of a cord of cells.
- Considered reserved cells that are capable of differentiating into chromophilic cells or they may be cells in the process of degranulation.
- Generally, 50% of the cells in the pars distalis are these cells.
Chromophobes (Chromophobic cells, Chief cells, Principal cells, Reserve cells, C cells or Gamma cells)
What subpopulations of chromophobes have numerous fine processes interspersed between the other cells of the pars distalis. They may have phagocytic functions.
Stellate cells
What subpopulations of chromophobes contain sparse granules. They are undifferentiated neurosecretory cells, which may be stem cells.
Resting degranulated chromophils
What are the predominant chromophobe type which form from a stromal network that supports the chromophils.
Follicular cells
What are hormone-secreting cells of the adenohypophysis that stains intensely owing to their abundant cytoplasmic secretory granule?
Chromophils
What type of chromophilic cell secrete simple proteins with an acidophilic cytoplasm and stain intensely with eosin and orange G, but not with PAS. More abundant in the periphery of the gland, they are usually smaller than basophils and their eosinophilic granules are larger and numerous.
Acidophils
What type of hormone secreting cell of acidophils predominate in the lateral portions of the pars distalis have a distinct affinity for orange G. They are cells that secrete growth hormone (or GH, somatotropin).
Somatotropes
Somatotropes are cells that secrete ? It stimulate general body growth, uptake of amino acids, and protein synthesis. It also induces proliferation of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plates of developing or growing long bones.
growth hormone (or GH, somatotropin)
What stain with erythrosin and carmeosin L, especially when the cells are hypertrophied and contain many granules, as in pregnancy and lactation, or when nonpregnant animals are treated with estrogen. They are cells that produce the lactogenic hormone prolactin, which stimulates development of the mammary gland during pregnancy.
Mammotropes (lactotropes or prolactin cells)
Mammotropes are cells that produce the lactogenic hormone called ?, which stimulates development of the mammary gland during pregnancy. After parturition (birth), it maintains milk production in the mammary glands during lactation.
prolactin
What type of chromophilic cell secrete glycoproteins with a basophilic cytoplasm; stain well with hematoxylin and other basic dyes; they are PAS positive. More abundant in the core of the gland, usually larger than acidophils, with fewer and smaller granules.
Basophils
What secrete the thyroid-stimulating hormone (or TSH, thyrotropin)?
Thyrotropes
What cells stimulates synthesis and secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxin and triiodothyronine from the thyroid gland?
thyroid-stimulating hormone (or TSH, thyrotropin)
What are cells that secrete Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) or Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormones (ICSH) in male.
Gonadotropes
In females, what hormone promotes estrogen secretion and growth and maturation of the ovarian follicles?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
In males, what hormone stimulates spermatogenesis and secretion into the seminiferous tubules of the testes and androgen-binding protein of the Sertoli cells?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
