Chapter 6: Nervous System Flashcards
(143 cards)
This system provides an animal with sensitivity to environmental energy and thereby awareness of self and surroundings. It is a part of the body where all the activities are being processed. It initiates and controls movement of most secretions, thus, responsible for the all inborn and learned behavior.
nervous system
This system is unique in the vast complexity of the control actions it can perform. It receives literally millions of bits of information from the different sensory organs and then integrates all these to determine the response to be made by the body. Thus, it is responsible for sending, receiving, and processing nerve impulses. All of the body‟s muscles and organs rely upon these nerve impulses to function.
nervous system
A highly organized collection of cells known as the ? constitute the nervous system which is found in all higher forms of animals
neurons
The nerve cells collect information by means of?
receptors
Receptors coordinate the information with internal activities of the organism in the process known as?
integration
What system consists of the brain and the spinal cord, is the integrating and communicating center of the body?
central nervous system (CNS)
The entire CNS is enclosed in a protective membrane called the?
meninges
What system consists of the spinal and cranial nerves, including associated nerve roots and ganglia?
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Nerves and ganglia innervating viscera are designated as what system?
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
ANS is composed of what two systems?
sympathetic nervous system (thoraco-lumbar) and the parasympathetic (cranio-sacral) nervous systems
What is a bundle of nerve processes outside the CNS. It is a collection of nerve fibers ensheathed or myelinated by neuroglia and divided into one or more fascicles by connective tissue.
Nerve
What are bundles of nerve processes within the brain and the spinal cord?
Tracts or fasciculi
What are group of nerve cell bodies within the brain and the spinal cord. It should not be confused with the central body of the cell that is also called nucleus.
Nuclei
What transmit electrochemical impulses?
Nerve cells or neurons
What are responsible for the structural and nutritional support of neurons, electrical insulation, and enhancement of impulse conduction velocity along axons. It is the connective and supportive tissue of the CNS.
Supporting cells or neuroglia (“nerve glue”) or glial cells
What is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue. Its primary function is to receive stimuli from the internal (interoreceptive) and external (exteroreceptive) environment. The subsequent transmission of information to the effector organs of the body is also an integral part of its function. This form the highly complex intercommunicating network of nerve cells that receive and conduct impulses along their neutral pathways or axons to the CNS for analysis, integration, interpretation, or response. The action of muscles or glands of the body provide the appropriate response to a given stimulus.
Neuron
Which zone excitation is initiated?
Dendritic zone
What are short, highly branched processes of neurons that collect incoming messages from the synapse and carry them toward the cell body.
Dendrites (from Gr. dendron which means tree)
Which zone excitation is transmitted to another cell. It is also branched and has terminal expansions for storage and release of transmitter molecules.
Telodendritic zone
The plasma membrane of axon is called?
axolemma
Cytoplasm of axon is called?
axoplasm
The axon or axis cylinder originates from the ? of the cell body, a conical region devoid of chromatophilic substance.
axon hillock
Axon of most neurons has a myelin sheath formed by the supporting cells and interrupted by gaps called?
nodes of Ranvier
What nurtures the nerve cell. It has a nucleus, cytoplasm and plasmalemma surrounding the nucleus.
Cell body (cyton, soma or perikaryon)