Chapter 12- Gas Laws And Kinetic Theory

Question 1

Pressure eq

Answer 1

Pressure = force/ area

Question 2

Pressure unit

Answer 2

N/m^2 = Pa

Question 3

Pascal definition

Answer 3

A pascal is the pressure exerted by a force of 1N acting at right angles to an area of 1m^2

Question 4

A fluid is a substance that can

Answer 4

Flow

Question 5

Both liquids and gases are

Answer 5

Fluids

Question 6

Pressure density eq

Answer 6

Pressure= density x g x 🔺h

Question 7

Pressure on base eq

Answer 7

Weight of column of water / area

Question 8

Don’t forget to add on the pressure of the _____ in questions

Answer 8

Pressure of the atmosphere

Question 9

If a liquid is stationary then the pressure must act

Answer 9

Equally in all directions

Question 10

Boyle’s law

Answer 10

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to the volume, provided the temperature is constant

Question 11

Boyle’s law equations

Answer 11

P~ 1/V

P1V1 = P2V2
If T1=T2

Question 12

Isothermal def

Answer 12

The same temperature

Question 13

Charles’ law

Answer 13

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided the pressure is constant

Question 14

Charles’ law eq

Answer 14

V~T

V1/T1 = V2/T2
Providing P1=P2

Question 15

Pressure law

Answer 15

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided the volume is constant

Question 16

Pressure law eq

Answer 16

P~T

P1/T1= P2/T2

(V1=V2)

Question 17

Ideal gas equation

Answer 17

pV = nRT

Question 18

What is R in the ideal gas equation

Answer 18

R= molar gas constant

= 8.31 Jmol^-1K^-1

Question 19

Alternative ideal gas equation

Answer 19

pV = NkT

Question 20

What is k in the alternate ideal gas equation.

Answer 20

k= Boltzmann constant

= 1.38x10^-23 JK^-1

Question 21

Avogadro’s hypothesis

Answer 21

1 mole of gas should always occupy the same volume for a given temperature and pressure

Question 22

What is standard temperature

Answer 22

298 K

25*C

Question 23

What is standard pressure

Answer 23

101 kPa

Question 24

Brownian motion

Answer 24

Random jerky motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their bombardment by molecules in the fluid

Question 25

Examples of Brownian motion

Answer 25

- pollen on water - soot particles in a smoke cell - bromine gas diffusion

Question 26

6 assumptions for kinetic theory of gases

Answer 26

1) gas consists of v large number of molecules 2) move with continuous, rapid, random motion 3) collisions are always perfectly elastic 4) volume occupied by molecules is negligible compared with volume of container 5) intermolecular forces are negligible except during a collision 6) duration of collisions is negligible compared with time spent in between collisions

Question 27

Kinetic model explains...

Answer 27

The macroscopic properties of a gas in terms of the microscopic motion of the particles

Question 28

What kind of motion are gas molecules in a container

Answer 28

Continuous Rapid Random motion

Question 29

How is pressure created for kinetic model of gas in container

Answer 29

Gas molecules moving in container Colliding with wall of container Change in momentum of molecule after elastic collision Molecules exert a force per unit area on the wall This force per unit area is pressure

Question 30

Average force equation for the molecule colliding with wall over a time period

Answer 30

= mvx^2 / length ``` x= velocity in x direction l= length of the side of the cube ```

Question 31

If there are N molecules moving with velocities vx, vx2, vx3 What is eq for the mean square speed of these velocities

Answer 31

= vx^2 + vx2^2 + vx3^2 / N

Question 32

N molecules what is average force eq

Answer 32

= Nm/l (Vx^2)

Question 33

What is the eq involving density and pressure

Answer 33

p= 1/3 'rho'

Question 34

Mean kinetic energy eq for kinetic theory of temperature

Answer 34

Mean KE= 3/2 kT All have some molecular KE at given temp Mean KE is zero at absolute zero More massive molecules are moving more slowly