Chapter 12 Heart/lymph Flashcards
(36 cards)
Where does the heart lie?
Behind the sternum and above the diaphragm in mediastinum
The heart is able to adjust to changing demands for blood by doing what?
Constricting or dilating blood vessels.
Altering cardiac output.
Each side of the heart has two chambers what are they?
Atrium and ventricle
What does the right side of the heart do?
Receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava.
Pumps blood through the pulmonary arteries to pulmonary circulation
What does the left side of the heart do?
Receives blood from pulmonary veins.
Pumps blood through the aorta into systemic circulation.
What arteries are termed the great vessels?
Pulmonary Arteries.
What is the anatomy of the aorta?
Curves upward out of the left ventricle and bends posteriorly and downward just above the sternal angle.
What is the anatomy of the pulmonary arteries?
Emerge from the superior aspect of the right ventricle near the third intercostal space.
The heart lies at an angle, how does this help fit the anatomy of the heart?
Right ventricle makes up most anterior surface and the left ventricle lies left and posteriorly.
What three layers make up the heart?
Pericardium myocardium and endocardium.
Which layer encompasses the heart?
Pericardium
What does the middle layer of the heart the myocardium help with?
It contracts to eject blood from the ventricles.
What job does the endocardium have?
Lines the inner chambers and the valves.
What are the 4 valves that govern blood flow to the heart?
Tricuspid mitral aortic and pulmonary.
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
On the right
Where is the mitral valve located?
On the left separating the atrium from the ventricles (AV valve)
Where is the aortic valve located?
Opens from the left ventricle into aorta.
Pulmonic valve is where?
Opens from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. ( termed semilunar valves because of their half moon shape)
Explain what happens in diastole?
Ventricles relax and fill with blood from left and right atria.
What happens during systole?
Ventricles contract creating a pressure that closes the AV valve preventing back flow into the atria.
What happens to excess fluid in the interstitial spaces?
It’s absorbed and carried by the lymph system to other lymph nodes throughout the body.
What system does the lymph system work closely with and why?
Peripheral vascular system to remove fluid from interstitial spaces.
How does the lymph system remove fluid?
As blood flows from the arterioles to the venules oxygen and nutrient-rich fluid is forced out at the atrial end of the capillary.
Where do waste products of cells flow through?
Interstitial spaces to the venous end of a capillary