Chapter 12: Light

Question 1

only absorb and reflect light; no light passes through

Answer 1

opaque

Question 2

transmits light but also scatters it; cannot see clearly

Answer 2

translucent

Question 3

transmits light without scattering it; can see objects clearly

Answer 3

transparent

Question 4

a property of a material that indicates how much the speed of light in the material is reduced compared to the speed of light in a vacuum

Answer 4

index of refraction

Question 5

an image of a distant object produced by the refraction of light through air layers of different densities

Answer 5

mirage

Question 6

a transparent material that selectively transmits light

Answer 6

filter

Question 7

a colored material that is used to change the color of other substances

Answer 7

pigment

Question 8

light generated by heating a piece of metal until it glows

Answer 8

incandescent light

Question 9

light of only one wavelength that travels in one direction with a constant distance between the corresponding crests of the waves

Answer 9

coherent light

Question 10

can have more than one wavelength, can travel in more than one direction, and does not travel with a constant distance between the corresponding crests of the waves

Answer 10

incoherent light

Question 11

light with a magnetic field that vibrates in only one direction

Answer 11

linearly polarized light

Question 12

a technique that produces a hologram, a complete three-dimensional photographic image on an object

Answer 12

holography

Question 13

the complete reflection of light at the boundary between two different materials

Answer 13

total internal reflection

Question 14

a device that reads intensities of reflected light and converts the information to digital signals

Answer 14

optical scanner

Question 15

what three things can materials do to light waves?

Answer 15

absorb, transmit, or reflect

Question 16

light waves always follow the…

Answer 16

law of reflection

Question 17

reflection can be…

Answer 17

regular or diffuse

Question 18

different wavelengths of light are refracted by…

Answer 18

different amounts

Question 19

light waves of different wavelengths or combinations of wavelengths cause the human eye to…

Answer 19

detect colors

Question 20

the color of an object depends on the ______________________.

Answer 20

wavelengths of light it reflects

Question 21

the light-sensitive cells found the human eye are:

Answer 21

rod and cone cells

Question 22

the color of a filter is…

Answer 22

the color of light that the filter transmits

Question 23

all light colors can be created by mixing the primary light colors:

Answer 23

red, green, and blue

Question 24

all pigment colors can be formed by mixing the primary pigment colors:

Answer 24

magenta, cyan, and yellow

Question 25

common ways of producing light

Answer 25

heating a filament and passing a current through a gas

Question 26

what two kinds of lightbulbs are often used in homes, schools, and offices?

Answer 26

incandescent and fluorescent lightbulbs

Question 27

when electrons collide with _________, red light is emitted

Answer 27

neon gas

Question 28

what kind of bulb is brighter and hotter than an ordinary incandescent bulb?

Answer 28

tungsten-halogen bulb

Question 29

lasers emit…

Answer 29

narrow beams of coherent light

Question 30

light can be used to…. (usages discussed in chapter)

Answer 30

form three-dimensional images and to transmit information in optical fibers

Question 31

the magnetic fields in linearly polarized light vibrate…

Answer 31

in only one direction

Question 32

polarizing filters transmit…

Answer 32

light polarized in one direction

Question 33

lasers are used to produce…

Answer 33

holograms