Chapter 12 - Motivation and Work

Question 1

instinct

Answer 1

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 2

Drive reduction theory

Answer 2

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 3

homeostasis

Answer 3

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of biochemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Question 4

incentive

Answer 4

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 5

hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Question 6

glucose

Answer 6

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger

Question 7

Setpoint

Answer 7

The point at which an individual’s weight thermostat is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Question 8

basal metabolic rate

Answer 8

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Question 9

anorexia nervosa

Answer 9

an eating disorder in which a normal weight person (usually and adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

Question 10

bulimia nervosa

Answer 10

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of over eating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 11

Motivation

Answer 11

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 12

sexual response cycle

Answer 12

four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson – excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 13

refractory period

Answer 13

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Question 14

sexual disorder

Answer 14

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Question 15

estrogen

Answer 15

sex hormone, secreted in the greater amounts by females than by males. In non-human female mammals, estrogen levels picturing ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity

Question 16

testosterone

Answer 16

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

Question 17

sexual response cycle

Answer 17

four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson – excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 18

refractory period

Answer 18

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Question 19

sexual disorder

Answer 19

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Question 20

estrogen

Answer 20

sex hormone, secreted in the greater amounts by females than by males. In non-human female mammals, estrogen levels picturing ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity

Question 21

testosterone

Answer 21

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

Question 22

sexual orientation

Answer 22

enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)

Question 23

flow

Answer 23

A completely involved, focus state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self in time, resulting from optimal engagement of one skills

Question 24

industrial organizational psychology

Answer 24

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior and workplaces

Question 25

personnel psychology

Answer 25

subfield of industry organizational psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

Question 26

organizational psychology

Answer 26

subfield of industrial organizational psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

Question 27

structured interviews

Answer 27

interview process the asks the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established skills

Question 28

achievement motivation

Answer 28

The desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a higher standard

Question 29

task leadership

Answer 29

goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

Question 30

social leadership

Answer 30

Group oriented leadership the builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offer support