Chapter 12: Motivation & Emotion Flashcards
(22 cards)
Instinct theory
Emphasizes inborn, genetic factors in motivation
Ex: curiosity
Emotional Intelligence
Goleman’s term for the ability to know and manage one’s emotions, empathize with others, and maintain satisfying relationship
Ex: self control and reaction to others
Instinct
Fixed response pattern that is unlearned and found in almost all members of a species
Ex: acting maternal or aggressive
Drive-Reduction Theory
Motivation begins with a physiological need (a lack or deficiency) that elicits a drive toward behavior that will satisfy the original need; once the need is met, a state of balance (homeostasis) is restored and motivation decreases
Ex: hunger->eating food->homeostasis
Homeostasis
Bodily tendency to maintain a relatively stable state, such as a constant intern temperature
Ex: balance or stability of body
Motivation
Set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goal
Ex: staying in shape motivates people to exercise
Emotion
Subjective feeling that includes arousal, cognitions, and expressive behaviors
Ex: heart pounding, thoughts, values, expectations, smiles, frowns, and running
Arousal Theory
Organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal
Ex: need for food, water, etc.
Incentive Theory
Motivation results from external stimuli that “pull” the organism in certain directions
Ex: Apple pie can “pull” towards continued eating
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s theory that motives must be met before advancing to higher needs
Ex: safety needs before self actualization
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by a severe loss of weight resulting from self-imposed starvation and an obsessive fear of obesity
Ex: starves themselves
Bulimia Nervosa
Eating disorder involving the consumption of large shanties of food, followed by vomiting, extreme exercise, or laxative use
Ex: binging—>purging
Achievement Motivation
Desire to excel, especially in competition with others
Ex: overachiever, must win against others
Amygdala
Limbic system structure linked to the production and regulation of emotions
Ex: controls fear and other emotions
James-Lange Theory
Our subjective experience of emotion follows our bodily arousal; emotion is distinct
Ex: I feel sad because I’m crying
Cannon-Bard Theory
Arousal and our subjective experience of emotion occur simultaneously; all emotions are similar
Ex: I’m crying and feeling sad at the same time
Facial-Feedback Hypothesis
Movements of the facial muscles produce and/or intensify our subjective experience of emotion
Ex: we feel happy because we smile
Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory
Physical arousal and cognitive of that arousal produce our subjective experience of emotion
Ex: crying at a wedding could be joy or happiness
Mirror Neurons
Brain cells that fire both when performing specific actions and when observing specific actions or emotions of another
Ex: empathy, imitation, language, emotional deficits of some mental disorders
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation resulting from personal enjoyment of a task or activity
Ex: playing sports
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation based on obvious extern rewards of threats of punishments
Ex: babysitting for money
Polygraph
Instrument that measures sympathetic arousal to detect emotional arousal, which in turn supposedly reflects lying versus truthfulness
Ex: measures heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and skin conductivity to see if you’re lying
