Chapter 2: The Brain

Question 0

Neuron

Answer 0

Cell of the nervous system responsible for receiving and transmitting electro chemical information

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

Branching neuron structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons and convey impulses towards the cell body

Question 2

Glial cells

Answer 2

Cells that provide structural nutritional and other support for the neurons as well as communication within the nervous system; also called Glia or Neuroglia

Question 3

Cell body

Answer 3

Part of the neuron containing the cell nucleus as well as other structures that help the neuron carry out its functions ;also known as the soma

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Long tubelike structures that convey impulses away from the neuron cell body towards other neurons or two muscles or glands

Question 5

Myelin

Answer 5

Layer of fatty insulation wrapped around the axon of some neurons which increases the rate at which nerve impulses travel along the axon

Question 6

Endorphins

Answer 6

Chemical substances in the nervous system that are similar in structure and action to opiates; involved in pain control pleasure and memory

Question 7

Endocrine system

Answer 7

Collection of glands located throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 8

Hormones

Answer 8

Chemicals manufactured by endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodstream to produce bodily changes or maintain normal bodily functions

Question 9

Central nervous system

Answer 9

BRain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and organizing information

Question 10

Peripheal nervous system

Answer 10

Call nerves and neurons connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Question 11

Neuroplasticity

Answer 11

Brains ability to read organize and change its structure and function throughout the lifespan

Question 12

Neurogenesis

Answer 12

Process by which new neurons are generated

Question 13

Stem cell

Answer 13

Immature uncommitted cells that have the potential to develop into almost any type of cell depending on the chemical signals they receive

Question 14

Reflex

Answer 14

Inmate automatic response to a stimulus

Ex; somebody hits you, you hit them back

Question 15

Somatic nervous system

Answer 15

Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that connects to sensory receptors and controls skeletal muscles

Question 16

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary functions such as heart rate invite Digestion. It is farther subdivided into the sympathetic nervous system which arouses and the parasympathetic nervous system which calms

Question 17

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system responsible for arousing the body and mobilizing its energy during times of stress also called the flight or flight system

Question 18

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system responsible for calming the body and conserving energy

Question 19

Brain stem

Answer 19

Area of the brain that house is part of the hind brain midbrain and forebrain and helps regulate reflex activities critical for survival
Ex. heartbeat and respiration

Question 20

Hindbrain

Answer 20

Collection of brain structures including the medulla cerebellum and pons

Question 21

Medulla

Answer 21

hindbrain structure responsible for automatic body functions such as breathing and heart beat

Question 22

Cerebellum

Answer 22

Hindbrain structure responsible for coordinating fine muscle movement balance and some perception and cognition

Question 23

Pons

Answer 23

Hind brain structure involved in respiration movement waking sleep and dreaming

Question 24

Midbrain

Answer 24

Collection of brain structures in the middle the brain responsible for coordinating movement patterns sleep and arousal

Question 25

Reticular formation

Answer 25

Diffuse set of neurons that screens incoming information and controls arousal

Question 26

Forebrain

Answer 26

Collection of upper-level brain structures including the Thalamus hypothalamus limbic system and cerebral cortex

Question 27

Thalamus

Answer 27

Forebrain structure at the top of the brainstem that relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex

Question 28

Hypothalamus

Answer 28

Small brain structure beneath the Salamis that helps govern drives and hormones

Question 29

Lambic system

Answer 29

Interconnected group of four brain structures involved with emotions drives and memory

Question 30

Hippocampus

Answer 30

Part of the limbic system involved in forming and retrieving memories

Question 31

Amygdala

Answer 31

Limbic system structure link to the production and regulation of emotions Ex. Agreesion and fear

Question 32

Cerebral cortex

Answer 32

Thin surface layer of the cerebral hemispheres that regulates most complex behavior including sensations motor control in higher mental processes

Question 33

Frontal lobes

Answer 33

Two lobes at the front of the brain governing motor control speech production and higher functions such as thinking personality emotion and memory

Question 34

Parietal lobes

Answer 34

Two lobes at the top of the brain where bodily sensations are received and interpreted

Question 35

Temporal lobes

Answer 35

Two lobes on each side of the brain above the ears involved in hearing language comprehension memory and some emotional control

Question 36

Occipital lobes

Answer 36

Two lobes at the back of the brain responsible for vision and visual perception

Question 37

Association areas

Answer 37

So called quiet areas in the cerebral cortex involved in interpreting integrating and acting on information processed by other parts of the brain

Question 38

Split brain surgery

Answer 38

Cutting of the corpus callosum to separate the brains to hemispheres. When used medically to treat severe epilepsy split brain patients provide data on the function of the two hemispheres

Question 39

Corpus callosum

Answer 39

Bundle of nerve fibers connecting the brains left and right hemispheres

Question 40

Behavioral genetics

Answer 40

Study of the relative effects of heredity and the environment of being a behavior and mental processes

Question 41

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 41

Branch of psychology that studies how evolutionary processes like natural selection and genetic mutations affect behavior and mental processes

Question 42

Chromosomes

Answer 42

Threadlike molecule of DNA that carries genetic information

Question 43

Genes

Answer 43

Segment of DNA that occupies a specific place on a particular chromosome and carries the code for hereditary transmission

Question 44

Heritability

Answer 44

Measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic inherited factors versus the environment

Question 45

Natural selection

Answer 45

Driving mechanism behind evolution that allows individuals with genetic influence traits that are adaptive in a particular environment to stay alive and produce offspring