Chapter 12 - Network Configuration Flashcards by Joshua Tharrington

A portion of an IPv4 address that represents eight binary bits.

octet

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A series of four 8-bit numbers that determine the network and host portions of an IP address.

subnet mask

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Used to start the VNC server process for a user.

vncserver command

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Used to connect to a SSH daemon on a remote computer.

ssh command

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The act of forwarding data packets from one network to another.

routing

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A table of information used to indicate which networks are connected to network interfaces.

route table

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Used to manipulate the route table.

route command

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The IP address of the router on the network used to send packets to remote networks

default gateway

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A protocol used by computers to obtain an IPv6 configuration from a router on the network.

Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6)

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The computers that have more than one network interface.

multihomed hosts

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Used to set and display the configuration of wireless network interfaces.

iwconfig command

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Used to configure a DSL connection on Ubuntu systems.

pppoeconf command

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A Systemd daemon that manages the configuration of network interfaces.

Systemd-networkd

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The most common WAN protocol used to send TCP/IP packets across a telephone line.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

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The asymmetric public and private keys on a computer running sshd. They are used to negotiate the symmetric key at the beginning of an SSH session.

SSH host keys

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The most common network protocol used on the Internet. It provides for reliable communication.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

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A graphical NetworkManager utility that can be used to configure additional network interfaces and related technologies, such as DSL.

Network Connections tool

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A technology that allows a router to obtain Internet resources on behalf of computers on the network.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

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A package of data formatted by a network protocol.

packet

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Used to start a text version of the Network Connections tool that is part of NetworkManager.

nmtui command

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Used to configure routing protocols, such as RIP and OSPF, on a Linux system. It is part of the optional Quagga package.

zebra command

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A system that defines how computers on a network share access to the physical medium.

media access method

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Used to trace the path an IPv4 packet takes through routers to a destination host.

traceroute command

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Used to obtain a shell on a remote computer running a Telnet daemon.

telnet command

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Used to set a VNC connection password for a user.

vncpasswd command

The most common version of IP used on the Internet. It uses a 32-bit addressing scheme organized into different classes

IP version 4 (IPv4)

IP communication that is destined for a single computer.

unicast

The portion of an IP address that denotes the host.

host ID

A network daemon that is used to start other network daemons on demand.

Extended Internet Super Daemon (xinetd)

A recent version of IP that is used by some hosts on the Internet. It uses a 128-bit addressing scheme

IP version 6 (IPv6)

Used to generate or regenerate SSH encryption keys.

ssh-keygen command

A graphical utility that can be used to configure modem settings on Linux systems.

Modem Manager utility

Used to change the host name of a computer as well as ensure that the new host name is loaded at boot time.

hostnamectl command

A media access method commonly used by industrial networks.

Token Ring

The act of forwarding TCP/IP packets from one network to another

IP forwarding

Used to obtain IP configuration for a network interface from a DHCP or BOOTP server on the network.

dhclient command

Used to start the SSH agent process.

ssh-agent command

A set of rules of communication used between computers on a network.

protocol

The process by which binary bits are compared to calculate the network and host IDs from an IP address and subnet mask

ANDing

Used to resolve host names to IP addresses.

host command

Of the 65,535 possible ports, the ports from 0 to 1023, which are used by common networking services.

well-known ports

Used to display and configure network interfaces using NetworkManager.

nmcli command

A daemon that is started without the use of xinetd.

stand-alone daemon

The hardware address that uniquely identifies a network interface.

Media Access Control (MAC) address

The process of merging two separate networks using the NICs on a server.

bridging

Used to view and modify files stored under /proc/sys.

sysctl command

The protocol used by DSL to send PPP information over an Ethernet connection.

PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

Used to resolve host names to IP addresses

dig command

A protocol used on the Internet to provide error messages and network-related information

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Used to configure a DSL connection on Fedora systems.

pppoe-setup command

A program used to connect to a VNC server and obtain a graphical desktop.

VNC viewer

A company that provides Internet access.

Internet service provider (ISP)

A network in which computers are separated geographically by large distances.

wide area network (WAN)

The process in which a single large network is subdivided into several smaller networks.

subnetting

A term that refers to the worldwide collection of small Internet-connected devices

Internet of Things (IoT)

Used to check connectivity on an IPv4 network.

ping (Packet Internet Groper) command

A LAN technology that uses Ethernet to transmit data over the air.

Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

A number that uniquely identifies a network service.

port

Used to display and modify the IP configuration information for a network interface.

ifconfig (interface configuration) command

A process that responds to network requests.

network service

The portion of an IP address that denotes the network.

network ID

Used to check connectivity on an IPv6 network.

ping6 command

A protocol used to encapsulate IPv6 packets within an IPv4 network.

Teredo

The process of combining two NICs on the same network to provide fault tolerance or load balancing

bonding

Used to trace the path an IPv4 packet takes through routers to a destination host.

tracepath command

A network in which the computers are all in close physical proximity.

local area network (LAN)

Used to copy SSH user keys to the home directory of a user on another computer to allow for simplified authentication.

ssh-copy-id command

A data format based on JSON that is commonly used for configuration files.

YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language)

A network testing utility. It is often used to test the functionality of services on the network.

ncat (net cat) command

A user-friendly name assigned to a computer.

host name

A technology used to allow hardware devices to communicate directly with each other without accessing the CPU of the system. It is often used by network technologies such as Infiniband.

Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)

A technology that can be used to run remote applications on a Linux computer; it encrypts all client-server traffic.

Secure Shell (SSH)

Used to display network information and active connections.

netstat command

A notation that is often used to represent an IP address and its subnet mask.

classless interdomain routing (CIDR) notation

Used to trace the path an IPv6 packet takes through routers to a destination host.

traceroute6 command

Used to start the graphical Network Connections tool that is part of NetworkManager.

nm-connection-editor command

Used to resolve host names to IP addresses.

nslookup command

Used to configure and display NIC hardware settings.

ethtool command

A TCP/IP communication destined for all computers on a network.

broadcast

A virtual network that overlays an existing TCP/IP network. Any data sent on this virtual network is encrypted.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Used to trace the path an IPv6 packet takes through routers to a destination host.

tracepath6 command

IP communication destined for a certain group of computers.

multicast

A cross-platform SSH client.

Putty

Used to display network connections.

ss (socket statistics) command

Used to obtain information about the organization that maintains a DNS domain.

whois command

Used to display and change the host name of a computer.

hostname command

A graphical utility in Fedora 28 that can be used to configure settings for the network interfaces on the system.

Network utility

A software component that manages the configuration of network interfaces.

NetworkManager

Used to trace the path an IPv4 or IPv6 packet takes through routers to a destination host.

mtr command

Used to add SSH user keys to the SSH agent process.

ssh-add command

The most common media access method used in networks today.

Ethernet

Used to display and configure network interfaces using Systemd-networkd.

networkctl command

Two or more computers joined together via network media and able to exchange information.

network

A less-reliable, but faster version of the TCP/IP protocol.

User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol (UDP/IP)

A feature that automatically configures a network interface using an IPv4 address on the 169.254.0.0 network, or an IPv6 address on the FE80 network.

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

The software component that configures NICs on modern Ubuntu systems.

NetPlan

Used to perform a wide variety of IP management tasks on a Linux system, such as viewing and manipulating the route table. It is part of the optional iproute2 package.

ip command