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A&P 1 Exam 4 Nervous System > Chapter 12 Neural Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Neural Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The Nervous System includes?

A

-Includes all neural tissue in the body
-Maintains homeostasis

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2
Q

Neural tissue has two kinds of cells what are they

A
  1. Neurons
    * Cells that send and receive electrical signals
  2. Neuroglia (glial cells)
    * Cells that support and protect neurons
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3
Q

cells that send and receive electrical signals

A

neurons

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4
Q

cells that support and protect neurons

A

neuroglia

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5
Q

Organs of the Nervous System

A
  • Brain and spinal cord
  • Sensory receptors of sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.)
  • Nerves connect nervous system with other system
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6
Q

2 Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System

A
  • Central nervous system (CNS)
  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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7
Q

the Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of what organs

A
  • spinal cord
  • brain
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8
Q

Functions of CNS

A
  • Process sensory data from inside and outside body
  • Directs activities of peripheral organs (e.g., skeletal
    muscles, glands)
  • Control higher functions of brain (intelligence, memory,
    learning, emotion
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9
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of ?

A

Includes all neural tissue outside the CNS
-sensory receptors
-peripheral nerve fibers

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10
Q

Functions of PNS?

A
  • Deliver sensory information to the CNS
  • Carry motor commands to periphery
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11
Q

Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood
vessels

A

Nerves (peripheral nerves)

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12
Q

Nerves (peripheral nerves)
are Bundles of _____ with connective tissues and blood
vessels

A

axons

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13
Q

Nerves (peripheral nerves)
function?

A

Carry sensory information /motor commands in PNS

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14
Q

Nerves (peripheral nerves)
2 examples of nerves

A
  • Cranial nerves — connect to brain
  • Spinal nerves — attach to spinal cord
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15
Q

Functional Divisions of the PNS

A

-Afferent division
-Efferent division

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16
Q

-Carries sensory information from sensory receptors to
CNS
-Receptors

A

Afferent division

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17
Q

Sensory structures that detect changes or
specific stimuli in body

A

Receptors

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18
Q

-Carries commands from CNS to peripheral effectors -Effector

A

Efferent division

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19
Q

Cell or organ that responds to efferent signal
by doing something (EX: muscles, glands)

A

Effector

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20
Q

The efferent division includes the:

A
  • Somatic nervous system (SNS)
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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21
Q

efferent division that Controls voluntary skeletal muscle
contractions
-somatic motor neurons (somatic reflexes)

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

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22
Q

efferent division that Controls involuntary actions, contractions of
smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, glandular
secretions
-visceral motor neuron

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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23
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has two divisions what are they?

A
  • Sympathetic NS: Stimulates HR, Respirations,
  • Parasympathetic NS: Stimulates digestion, Dec
    HR, Respirations
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24
Q

division of Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
that Stimulates HR, Respirations or “Flight or Fight”

A

Sympathetic NS

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25
Q

division of Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) that Stimulates digestion, Dec
HR, Respirations or “rest or Digest”

A

Parasympathetic NS

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26
Q

-cells that sends and receives electrical signals
-The basic functional unit of the nervous system
-Nerve cell specialized for intercellular communication

A

Neuron

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27
Q

Neurons all exhibit:

A
  • Excitability: Respond to stimuli
  • Conductivity: Produce electrical signals that are
    quickly carried to cells at distant locations = Action Potential
  • Secretion: When signal reaches end of nerve fiber,
    neuron secretes neurotransmitter to affect next cell
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28
Q

-Large nucleus
- mitochondria (energy)
-RER &
ribosomes (make neurotransmitters)
-Perikaryon
(cytoplasm)
-No Centrioles
-Nissl bodies (gray matter)

A

The Cell Body

29
Q

-mitochondria =
-RER and ribosomes make =
-Perikaryon =

A

-mitochondria (energy)
-RER and ribosomes (make neurotransmitters)
-Perikaryon (cytoplasm)

30
Q

-Dense areas of RER and ribosomes
-Make neural tissue appear gray (gray matter)

A

Nissl bodies

31
Q

Short, highly branched processes

A

Dendrites

32
Q
  • Fine processes of dendrite branches
  • Receive information from other neurons
  • 80–90% of neuron surface area
A

Dendritic spines

33
Q

-Long, single process from cell body
- Carries action potential to target
- its structure is critical to function

A

Axon

34
Q

what are the Structures of the Axon

A

-Axolemma
-Axoplasm
-Axon hillock
-Collaterals
-Telodendria
-Synaptic terminals

35
Q

Structure of the Axon: Specialized cell membrane, covers axoplasm

A

axolemma

36
Q

Structure of the Axon: Cytoplasm of axon, contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, enzymes,
organelles

A

axoplasm

37
Q

Structure of the Axon: Thick section of cell body attached to axon and carries AP to target

A

axon hillock

38
Q

structure of axon : Branches of a single axon

A

collaterals

39
Q

structure of axon: Fine extensions of distal axon

A

telodendria

40
Q

structure of axon: Tips of telodendria, Forms synapse at Target cell, contains synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic terminal

41
Q

Area where a neuron communicates
with another cell (neuromuscular, neuroglandular)

A

The synapse

42
Q

The synapse parts

A
  • Presynaptic cell-Neuron that sends message
  • Postsynaptic cell-Cell that receives message
43
Q

Part of synapse:
Neuron that sends message

A

Presynaptic cell

44
Q

part of synapse: Cell that receives message

A

Postsynaptic cell

45
Q

Small gap that separates the presynaptic and
postsynaptic membranes

A

synaptic cleft

46
Q

-Chemical messengers released at the presynaptic
membrane
-Travel across the synaptic cleft (short distance, limited
effect)
-Bind to receptors on postsynaptic membrane
-Stimulatory
-Inhibitory
-Broken down by enzymes and parts are reassembled in
synaptic terminal (Recycled)

A

Neurotransmitters

47
Q

examples of Neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine,
Dopamine,
Serotonin,
Norepinephrine,
Epinephrin

48
Q

Structural Classification
of Neurons?

A

ABUM
-Anaxonic Neurons
-Bipolar Neurons
-Unipolar Neurons
-Multipolar Neurons

49
Q

are small
no axon
all processes are dendrites

A

anaxonic neurons

50
Q

2 processes
-are small
-1 axon
-1 dendrites

A

bipolar neurons

51
Q

1 processes
-single, long axon
-cell body to one side
-fused axon & dendrites

A

unipolar neurons

52
Q

multiple processes
-long axon
-1 axon
-multiple dendrites
-includes motor neurons that control skeletal muscles

A

multipolar neurons

53
Q

functional classification of neuron

A

SIM
-sensory neurons
-interneurons
-motor neurons

54
Q

afferent neurons that carry sensory information to the CNS
-unipolar or bipolar cell bodies grouped into SENSORY GANGLIA

A

sensory neurons

55
Q

efferent neurons that carry commands from the CNS to periphery

A

motor neurons

56
Q

interconnect 2 neurons

A

interneurons

57
Q

2 major efferent systems

A

-somatic motor neurons
-visceral motor neurons

58
Q

efferent system that carries signals to the skeletal muscles (voluntary control)

A

-somatic motor neurons

59
Q

efferent system that carries signals to the smooth muscle ,cardiac muscle, glands (involuntary control)

A

-visceral motor neuron

60
Q

-cells that support and protect neurons
-more numerous than neurons 10:1
-smaller than neurons

A

Neuroglia

61
Q

neuroglia in CNS (cameo)

A

-astrocytes
-microglia
-ependymal cells
-oligodendrocytes

62
Q

star shaped
-maintain BBB (blood brain barrier) which isolates the CNS from systemic blood
-form scar tissue or sclerosis

A

Astrocytes

63
Q

-migrate and perform phagocytosis

A

Microglia

64
Q

-form epithelium that lines central canal of spinal cord and vesicles of brain
-produce and circulate CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

A

ependymal cells

65
Q

-myelinate CNS axons (myelinated axons appear WHITE= WHITE MATTER
-node (areas without myelination)
-internodes (myelinated areas)

A

oligodendrocytes

66
Q

Neuroglia of PNS penis (suck & swallow

A

-schwann cells
-satellite cells

67
Q

SURROUND neuron cell bodies in the PNS

A

satellite cells

68
Q

-SURROUND axons in the PNS
-provide myelination of a single axon or SURROUND multiple axons

A

schwann cells

A&P 1 Exam 4 Nervous System (3 decks)

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