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A&P 1 Exam 4 Nervous System > Chapter 12 Neural Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Neural Tissue Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

The Nervous System includes?

A

-Includes all neural tissue in the body
-Maintains homeostasis

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2
Q

Neural tissue has two kinds of cells what are they

A
  1. Neurons
    * Cells that send and receive electrical signals
  2. Neuroglia (glial cells)
    * Cells that support and protect neurons
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3
Q

cells that send and receive electrical signals

A

neurons

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4
Q

cells that support and protect neurons

A

neuroglia

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5
Q

Organs of the Nervous System

A
  • Brain and spinal cord
  • Sensory receptors of sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.)
  • Nerves connect nervous system with other system
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6
Q

2 Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System

A
  • Central nervous system (CNS)
  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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7
Q

the Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of what organs

A
  • spinal cord
  • brain
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8
Q

Functions of CNS

A
  • Process sensory data from inside and outside body
  • Directs activities of peripheral organs (e.g., skeletal
    muscles, glands)
  • Control higher functions of brain (intelligence, memory,
    learning, emotion
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9
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of ?

A

Includes all neural tissue outside the CNS
-sensory receptors
-peripheral nerve fibers

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10
Q

Functions of PNS?

A
  • Deliver sensory information to the CNS
  • Carry motor commands to periphery
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11
Q

Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood
vessels

A

Nerves (peripheral nerves)

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12
Q

Nerves (peripheral nerves)
are Bundles of _____ with connective tissues and blood
vessels

A

axons

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13
Q

Nerves (peripheral nerves)
function?

A

Carry sensory information /motor commands in PNS

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14
Q

Nerves (peripheral nerves)
2 examples of nerves

A
  • Cranial nerves — connect to brain
  • Spinal nerves — attach to spinal cord
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15
Q

Functional Divisions of the PNS

A

-Afferent division
-Efferent division

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16
Q

-Carries sensory information from sensory receptors to
CNS
-Receptors

A

Afferent division

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17
Q

Sensory structures that detect changes or
specific stimuli in body

A

Receptors

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18
Q

-Carries commands from CNS to peripheral effectors -Effector

A

Efferent division

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19
Q

Cell or organ that responds to efferent signal
by doing something (EX: muscles, glands)

A

Effector

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20
Q

The efferent division includes the:

A
  • Somatic nervous system (SNS)
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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21
Q

efferent division that Controls voluntary skeletal muscle
contractions
-somatic motor neurons (somatic reflexes)

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

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22
Q

efferent division that Controls involuntary actions, contractions of
smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, glandular
secretions
-visceral motor neuron

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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23
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has two divisions what are they?

A
  • Sympathetic NS: Stimulates HR, Respirations,
  • Parasympathetic NS: Stimulates digestion, Dec
    HR, Respirations
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24
Q

division of Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
that Stimulates HR, Respirations or “Flight or Fight”

A

Sympathetic NS

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25
division of Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Autonomic nervous system (ANS) that Stimulates digestion, Dec HR, Respirations or "rest or Digest"
Parasympathetic NS
26
-cells that sends and receives electrical signals -The basic functional unit of the nervous system -Nerve cell specialized for intercellular communication
Neuron
27
Neurons all exhibit:
* Excitability: Respond to stimuli * Conductivity: Produce electrical signals that are quickly carried to cells at distant locations = Action Potential * Secretion: When signal reaches end of nerve fiber, neuron secretes neurotransmitter to affect next cell
28
-Large nucleus - mitochondria (energy) -RER & ribosomes (make neurotransmitters) -Perikaryon (cytoplasm) -No Centrioles -Nissl bodies (gray matter)
The Cell Body
29
-mitochondria = -RER and ribosomes make = -Perikaryon =
-mitochondria (energy) -RER and ribosomes (make neurotransmitters) -Perikaryon (cytoplasm)
30
-Dense areas of RER and ribosomes -Make neural tissue appear gray (gray matter)
Nissl bodies
31
Short, highly branched processes
Dendrites
32
* Fine processes of dendrite branches * Receive information from other neurons * 80–90% of neuron surface area
Dendritic spines
33
-Long, single process from cell body - Carries action potential to target - its structure is critical to function
Axon
34
what are the Structures of the Axon
-Axolemma -Axoplasm -Axon hillock -Collaterals -Telodendria -Synaptic terminals
35
Structure of the Axon: Specialized cell membrane, covers axoplasm
axolemma
36
Structure of the Axon: Cytoplasm of axon, contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, enzymes, organelles
axoplasm
37
Structure of the Axon: Thick section of cell body attached to axon and carries AP to target
axon hillock
38
structure of axon : Branches of a single axon
collaterals
39
structure of axon: Fine extensions of distal axon
telodendria
40
structure of axon: Tips of telodendria, Forms synapse at Target cell, contains synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitters
Synaptic terminal
41
Area where a neuron communicates with another cell (neuromuscular, neuroglandular)
The synapse
42
The synapse parts
* Presynaptic cell-Neuron that sends message * Postsynaptic cell-Cell that receives message
43
Part of synapse: Neuron that sends message
Presynaptic cell
44
part of synapse: Cell that receives message
Postsynaptic cell
45
Small gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes
synaptic cleft
46
-Chemical messengers released at the presynaptic membrane -Travel across the synaptic cleft (short distance, limited effect) -Bind to receptors on postsynaptic membrane -Stimulatory -Inhibitory -Broken down by enzymes and parts are reassembled in synaptic terminal (Recycled)
Neurotransmitters
47
examples of Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Epinephrin
48
Structural Classification of Neurons?
ABUM -Anaxonic Neurons -Bipolar Neurons -Unipolar Neurons -Multipolar Neurons
49
are small no axon all processes are dendrites
anaxonic neurons
50
2 processes -are small -1 axon -1 dendrites
bipolar neurons
51
1 processes -single, long axon -cell body to one side -fused axon & dendrites
unipolar neurons
52
multiple processes -long axon -1 axon -multiple dendrites -includes motor neurons that control skeletal muscles
multipolar neurons
53
functional classification of neuron
SIM -sensory neurons -interneurons -motor neurons
54
afferent neurons that carry sensory information to the CNS -unipolar or bipolar cell bodies grouped into SENSORY GANGLIA
sensory neurons
55
efferent neurons that carry commands from the CNS to periphery
motor neurons
56
interconnect 2 neurons
interneurons
57
2 major efferent systems
-somatic motor neurons -visceral motor neurons
58
efferent system that carries signals to the skeletal muscles (voluntary control)
-somatic motor neurons
59
efferent system that carries signals to the smooth muscle ,cardiac muscle, glands (involuntary control)
-visceral motor neuron
60
-cells that support and protect neurons -more numerous than neurons 10:1 -smaller than neurons
Neuroglia
61
neuroglia in CNS (cameo)
-astrocytes -microglia -ependymal cells -oligodendrocytes
62
star shaped -maintain BBB (blood brain barrier) which isolates the CNS from systemic blood -form scar tissue or sclerosis
Astrocytes
63
-migrate and perform phagocytosis
Microglia
64
-form epithelium that lines central canal of spinal cord and vesicles of brain -produce and circulate CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
ependymal cells
65
-myelinate CNS axons (myelinated axons appear WHITE= WHITE MATTER -node (areas without myelination) -internodes (myelinated areas)
oligodendrocytes
66
Neuroglia of PNS penis (suck & swallow
-schwann cells -satellite cells
67
SURROUND neuron cell bodies in the PNS
satellite cells
68
-SURROUND axons in the PNS -provide myelination of a single axon or SURROUND multiple axons
schwann cells

A&P 1 Exam 4 Nervous System (3 decks)

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