Chapter 12-Neural Tissue

Question 1

The Nervous System, includes all the Nervous Tissue of the body. (T/F)

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Anatomical division of the NS consists of _____

Answer 2

CNS and PNS parts

Question 3

The Central part of the NS consists of the ___ and the ___ .

Answer 3

Brain, spinal cord

Question 4

The Peripheral NS consists of _____

Answer 4

Ganglia and nerves

Question 5

The cranial nerves are connected to the ___. The spinal nerves are connected to the ____ .

Answer 5

Brain, spinal cord

Question 6

All the neuron tissue outside the CNS comprises PNS. (T/F)

Answer 6

True

Question 7

The Peripheral portion of the NS consists of ____ and the ____ divisions.

Answer 7

Afferent, efferent

Question 8

The components of the efferent division are ____ and ____ .

Answer 8

Somatic NS, Autonomic NS

Question 9

The Somatic NS controls _____

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle contractions

Question 10

What is the basic functional unit of the NS?

Answer 10

Neuron

Question 11

The Autonomic NS includes two divisions that are __________

Answer 11

Sympathetic Division and Parasympathetic Division

Question 12

The afferent portion of the NS brings info to the CNS. (T/F)

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The sensory division of the NS brings sensory info to the CNS (T/F) and the efferent portion of the NS brings info from the CNS (T/F).

Answer 13

True, True

Question 14

The motor division brings info to the CNS (T/F)

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Microglia

Answer 15

-Phagocytic cells
- The smallest cells, least numerous
Function:
Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis.

Question 16

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 16

• To Produces myelin in that covers many CNS axons
  Function:
  Myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework

Question 17

Astrocytes

Answer 17

-Secrete chemicals for blood -brain barrier
-The most abundant cells, largest and most numerous
Functions:
Maintain blood-brain barrier, provide structural support; regulate ion, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations; absorb and recycle neurotransmitters; form scar tissue after injury

Question 18

The two types of neuralgia in the PNS are _____

Answer 18

Schwann cells and satellite cells

Question 19

Schwann cells

Answer 19

• To produce myelin sheath in PNS
• To form the neurilemma of axons in PNS
  Function:
  Surround all axons in PNS; responsible for myelination of peripheral axons; participate in repair process after injury

Question 20

Satellite Cells

Answer 20

-Glial cells that surround the neuron in ganglia
Functions:
Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; regulate; O2, CO2, nutrient, and neurotransmitter around neurons in ganglia

Question 21

Satellite cells are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system (T/F)

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Function of neuroglia

Answer 22

-PRODUCE MYELIN
-SEPARATE & PROTECTS THE NEURONS
-SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK FOR NEURAL TISSUE
-ACTS AS PHAGOCYTES
-MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
-PRODUCE CSF
-REGULATE THE COMPOSITION OF INTERSTITIAL
FLUID

Question 23

Interoreceptors

Answer 23

Monitor internal organs; digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems and provide sensations of distension: deep pressure and pain.

Question 24

Propioceptors

Answer 24

Monitor positions of our muscles and joints

Question 25

Exteroceptors

Answer 25

Provides info about external environment (touch,pressure, temp., sight, smell, hearing)

Question 26

The efferent or motor division carries motor commands to muscles and glands (T/F)

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Axoplasm (or cytoplasm of the axon)

Answer 27

Contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes

Question 28

Axoplasmic transport

Answer 28

The movement of materials between the cell body and synaptic terminals

Question 29

Types of axoplasmic transport

Answer 29

- Anterograde flow: flow of materials from the cell body to the synaptic terminal, carried by kinesin - Retrograde flow: substances transported toward the cell body, carried by dynein

Question 30

Receptors

Answer 30

Sensory structures that either detect changes in the environment (internal or external) or respond to specific stimuli

Question 31

The skeletal muscles are controlled by the Somatic NS (T/F)

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Special Sensory Receptors

Answer 32

Provides sensations of smell, taste, vision, balance, or hearing

Question 33

Somatic Sensory Receptors

Answer 33

Monitor skeletal muscles, joints, skin surface; provide position sense and touch, pressure, pain, or temp. sensations

Question 34

Visceral Sensory Receptors

Answer 34

Monitor internal organs, including those of cardiovascular,respiratory, urinary, digestive, or reproductive systems

Question 35

Demyelination is associated with numbness and paralysis associated with degenerative process (T/F)

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the some is called _______

Answer 36

Wallerian degeneration

Question 37

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by oligodendrocytes (T/F)

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Microglia are small phagocytes (T/F)

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of the neuron is called perykaryon (T/F)

Answer 39

True

Question 40

The cytoplasm of the axon is called axoplasm (T/F)

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Norepinephrine is found in the brain and portions of the ANS (T/F)

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are important neurotransmitters (T/F)

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The site of intercellular communication between neurons is the ____

Answer 43

Synapse

Question 44

Synapse that release norepinephrine are adrenergic synapses (T/F)

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Dopamine is involved the n Parkinson’s disease (T/F)

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter related to emotional states (T/F)

Answer 46

True

Question 47

GABA is related to the reduction of anxiety (T/F)

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Channels that are always open are known as _____

Answer 48

Passive channels or leak channels

Question 49

An action potential traveling along the axon is called a ______

Answer 49

Nerve impulse

Question 50

The neuron that delivers info to the CNS are _____

Answer 50

Sensory neurons