chapter 1.2 past paper questions

Question 1

Training can increase an athlete’s maximum A-VO2 diff.
Analyse how the body systems adapt to allow this. (3 marks )

Answer 1

Increased oxygen content in arterial blood due to more red blood cells/haemoglobin/oxygen carrying
capacity of the blood (1)
* Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to increased capillarisation/increases blood supply/surface
area (1)
* Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to more myoglobin which has a greater affinity for oxygen
than haemoglobin so pulls more oxygen into muscle/can store more oxygen in muscle (1)
* Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to larger/more numerous/more efficient mitochondria
allowing for more oxygen to be used in a muscle cell so less returned to venous blood (1)

Question 2

State one long-term effect of smoking regularly on the structures of a runner’s
respiratory system. (1)

Answer 2

• Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin in the lungs rather than oxygen (1)
• Constricts the bronchioles (1)
• Damaged cilia (1)
• Reduction in number/damaged alveoli (1)

Question 3

Explain how smoking regularly would impact the performance of the runners in the
marathon
(2 marks)

Answer 3

• Reduced gaseous exchange in the lungs/oxygen transport to the muscles (1).
• This decreases the athlete’s ability to utilise oxygen in energy production/work aerobically (1).
• This means they have less energy for their activity/slower time/fatigue quicker (due to working
  anaerobically) (1).

Question 4

Identify which one of the following statements defines expiratory reserve volume.

Answer 4

A The amount of air breathed in or out per breath
B The amount of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration
has occurred
C The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled after a
normal breath
D The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired at the end of a
breath

C