Chapter 12 Personality Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Personality
A
Individual characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, acting
2
Q
Sigmund Freud
A
Theories controversial and autobiographical
3
Q
4 Components of Freud
A
1) Fearful of father, sexually attracted to mother
2) Not empirically tested
3) not accepted by academic psychology
4) popular with culture
4
Q
Unconcious
A
Resovoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, memories
5
Q
Human Personality
A
conflict between pleasure seeking bio impulse and social restraints
6
Q
Stage theory
A
Showing where life energy is focused and where gratification occurs
7
Q
Oral stage
A
Birth-18 months
mouth sucking dependancy
8
Q
Anal Stage
A
18 mnts-3yrs
Anus, control
9
Q
Phallic Stage
A
3-6 years
Penis/moral and sexual identification
10
Q
Latency Stage
A
6-12
period of relaxed calm
11
Q
Genital Stage
A
Post puberty, genitals
12
Q
How do stages work for life?
A
Need to resolve each stage to have a good life
13
Q
What are the two most important things in freuds eyes?
A
Ability to love and to work
14
Q
What does unsuccesful resolution of a stage lead to?
A
Fixation
15
Q
Identification
A
children incorporate parents values in developing superego
16
Q
Oedipal Complex
A
Boy sexual desire towards mother and hate for father
17
Q
Electra Complex
A
female version of Oedipal
18
Q
Id
A
“the it”
If it feels good, do it.
No consequences or possibility thinking
19
Q
Pleasure principle
A
your raw desires found in the id
20
Q
Ego
A
“THE I”
Concious self that balances impulses with actual possibilites
21
Q
Reality Principle
A
Stuck in reality , in the middle
22
Q
Superego
A
“THE ABOVE I”
Pushes people to behave in accordance with society
23
Q
Does it result in action?
A
No it gives you mental image of what you want.
24
Q
Iceberg Theory
A
Concious is above water level. Id completely under water. superego in and out of water. Ego mostly above water
25
Free Association
Taps into unconscious by word map free association
26
Dreams
-royal road to the unconscious
| Freud kept diary of own dreams and analyzed that
27
3 other ways to tap unconscious?
1) Belief, habits, symptoms
2) Freudian slips
3) Jokes
28
Defense mechanisms
Repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, denial
29
Repression
Most basic. Banishing all anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, memories(push id impulses away from conscious)
30
Regression
Retreating to earlier infantile stage, returning to a state and feeling fixated.
**NOT REAL
31
Reaction Formation
Saying and doing the opposite of an unacceptable impulse
32
Projection
Instead of admitting of being a certain way, person acuses others of being that way
33
Rationalization
construct phony accusations to hide real reason for behavior
34
Displacment
Diverting sexual impulses into more acceptable behavior
35
Denial
refusing to believe troubling fact
36
Why was Freud so popular?
Said all people have sex and aggresion urges
Traveled a lot and publicized work
Very charming
37
Freud Wrongs:
Ideas couldn't be scientifically tested and have no empirical support
38
Freud Rights
- Unconscious is really important
- People have conficting motives
- childhood exp. important
39
Projective Testing
Test with ambiguous stimuli for which there is no correct or obvious answers (still used today)
40
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Set of 10 inkblot designed by Herman Rorsschach
Problem: didn't know how to interpret meaning
Used as ice breaker
41
Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)
31 Ambiguous pictures containing personal and social interactions and person asked to tell story.
42
what was TAT designed for and what is it actually use for?
Designed to tap into unconscious put used to see underlying motivations and goals
43
Humanistic Perspective
Focused on growth and fulfillment of individuals
44
Three conditions in humanistic perspective:
1) Genuineness
2) Acceptance or Unconditional positive regard
3) Empathy
45
Rogers Personality Theory
Need for positive regard is another basic need (raised with conditional positive regard)
**Might breed narcissism
46
Trait Perspective
trait is a characteristic pattern of behavior. We can identify traits in individuals
47
BIG FIVE: OCEAN
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, narcissism
48
Personality Inventory
assess self reported thoughts, feelings, behavior
49
Social Facilitation
Improved performance of tasks in presence of others (depends on task difficulty)
*home advantage only slightly real
50
Social Loafing
Tendency for people in group to exert less force when in group working towards common goal
51
Diffusion of responsibility
Everyone thinking someone else did something
52
Bystandder Effect
More people thing there are others people available, less likely people are to help
53
Mere-Exposure Effect
If we have seen it before, we will like it more
54
Attributions
explanations for ourselves and others
55
Internal
about the person
56
External
About the situation
57
Fundamental Attribution Error
Overestimate internal factors an underestimate external FOR OTHERS
58
Self Serving Bias
Attributing the way that works besst for us
| ex: test results
59
Just World Hyp
Beleif that people get what they deserve
60
Attitues
Belief and feeling that predispose one to respon in particular way to objects, people, eents
61
Social Roles
Stanford prison experiment
Showed power of roles via manipulation
People excuse behavior when told by authority to do something
62
Depression
sadness, gloom, hopelessness, worthlessness, decreased energy, change in sleep, difficult concentrating, restlesness
63
Risk Factors of Depression
Social support, ruminative response style, low self esteem, physical emotional ilness, attention turned inward
64
Bipolar Depression
Dramatic mood swimngs,
65
PET Scan for bipolar
looks different in different stages
66
Schizophrenia
Split mind, most crippling
67
Positive Symptoms
Hallucination, delusions, disorganization
68
Negative Symptoms
Emotionless, lacking energy, difficulty thinking, diminished social drive
69
Biology of Schizophrenia
Dopamine over activity and brain abnormalites
- Low activity in frontal lobe
- shrinkage in some areas
- increased amygdala activity
70
Psychotherapy
Emotionally charged confiding between trained therapist and someone who suffers from psycholgical difficulties
71
Pschoanalysis
Bring conflicts in consciousness
offer interpretations
The idea that self awareness brings cures
72
Humanistic Theory
Treating people like people
Focuses on present and future before past
Looks at conscious thoughts
Promoting growth
73
Carl Rogers
Client Centered Therapy
74
Behavior Therapy
use for phobia, anxiety, addiction
75
Foot in the door
Build up to a request
76
Cognitive Dissonance
When things don't go together
77
Door in the face
Ask for a lot up front and settle for a little (the amount you actually wanted)
78
Lowballing
the idea that a person is more likely to commit to a lower price and they you add it other charges
79
Asch study
Showed that obedience is real and under authority people will do what you tell them to
80
Scapegoat Theory
The idea of finding someone to blame for something that went wrong
81
Three bio causes of aggression
Genetics, nueral, biochemical
82
Frustration aggression principle
Frustration sparks anger which sparks aggression
83
Aversive Events
Negative stimuli that increase aggression
84
Social Script
Culturally provides mental file of how to act
85
Self Esteem
Our feelings of self worth
86
How can self esteem effect attitude?
People with higher self esteem answer more positively to questions about self
87
Self-Efficacy
Our sense of competence on a task
88
How can self-efficacy effect self?
If we have self-efficacy we do better at tasks
89
self serving bias
readiness to perceive ourselves favorably; see ourselves as better than average
90
How does self serving bias work?
People accept more responsibility for good deeds than for bad, and for successes than for failures
91
Narcissism
excessive self-love and self-absorption
92
If there is so much self-serving bias why are people unhappy?
1) Self directed put-downs
2) We prepare ourselves for possible failure
3) Putting ourselves down helps us learn from mistakes
4) Bad behavior is described as "long ago" while good behavior is more easily remembered and brought forward
93
Individualism
the very core of your being, the sense of me, awareness of conviction and power
94
Collectivist
Identifying as a group. Have deep attachment to the group
95
Social Psychologist
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