Chapter 12: Power & Violence Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is social power?
the ability to influence the behavior of others and to resist their influence on us
- power is maintained by controlling access to valuable resources in a relationship
What are the subtleties of social power?
Person who has power does not have to possess what is desired, just controls a person’s access to them
- more power over access to what you desire if your desire is strong
Ex: If you want Love and affection from your partner and express intense interest then you partner holds more power over you (principle of lesser interest)
What is the principle of lesser interest?
those less committed to a relationship has more power
Interdependency Theory recognizes two different types of power
- Fate Power
- Behavior control
Define fate power
one can autocratically determine what outcomes a partner receives, thereby controlling the other’s fate
What is behavior control?
by changing one’s own behavior, one encourages a partner to alter his or her actions in a desirable direction too
True or False: in almost all relationships, both partners have power over each other
True - BOTH
If power is based on types of resources we control–what are the resources?
- Reward Power
- Resource: rewards
Gets people to do what you want because: you can give them something they like or take away something they don’t like
Ex: If a husband wants to have sex, wife has control over whether this commences
- Coercive Power
- Resources: punishments
Gets people to do what you want because: you can do something to them they do not like or take away something they do like
Ex: If sex does not happen between the couple, husband will become less affectionate and sulk
- Legitimate Power
- Resources: authority or norms of equity, reciprocity, or social responsibility
Gets people to do what you want because: they recognize your authority to tell them what to do
Ex: power dynamic at play in certain cultures, think Areeba and how she must comply to men in her life
- Referent Power
- Resources: respect/love
Gets people to do what you want because: they identify with you, feeling attracted and wanting to remain close
Ex: our wishes may change partners approach or perspective
- Expert Power
- Resources: expertise
Gets people to do what you want because: you have the broad understanding they desire
Ex: If your husband recognizes/knows you cook well, he will go to you for tips
- Informational Power
- Resources: information
Gets people to do what you want because: you possess some specific knowledge they desire
Ex: Our partners might do what we want if we offer gossip about a mutual friend
In heterosexual relationships, who possesses the most power?
Men
How is power expressed?
a) conversation
- there is a power imbalance present in conversation between couples
- women do not talk to men as if they are conversing with another woman–less likely to interrupt and let men interrupt more often
b) nonverbal behavior
- those who take up more space feel more powerful
- take larger interpersonal distances, look at others longer, and assume postures that are less symmetrical and take up more space
d) styles of power
- direct, indirect, bilateral, unilateral
Nonverbal sensitivity
one’s ability to decode accurately the nonverbal behavior of persons whom one does not know
Women are more aware of other people’s feelings
- powerful people recognize emotion in others’ voices and facial expressions less accurately than those with lower power do
What are the styles of power?
direct: the ability to make others do what they would not do on their own
indirect: hinted at what they wanted and pouted when wishes were not fulfilled, but they never came right out and said what they wanted
bilateral: trying to get what you want by involving both members of the couple; powerful partners are more likely to use
unilateral: doing what they wanted without involving their partners
Define violence
behave in a manner that is intended to do physical harm to another person
Types of couple violence
- Situational Couple Violence
- Intimate Terrorism
- Violent Resistance
What does IPV stand for?
Intimate partner violence
- serious, preventable public health problem that affects millions of Americans; physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse
What is situational couple violence?
both partners are angry and impulsive; violence is tied to a specific argument; usually happens only occasionally and generally more mild
Intimate terrorism is…
one partner uses violence as a tool to control and oppress the other person; more likely to be one sided, escalate over time, and involve serious injury
What are facets of IT?
isolation = controlling where she goes, what she does, whom she sees
intimidation = threatening, destroying her property, abusing pets
economic abuse = taking her money preventing her employment
emotional abuse = humiliating, disregarding, and blaming (aka: this is your fault)
minimizing = denying any abuse
Gender differences in IT
-Women act violently toward their husbands just as often as men act violently toward their wives
-However, men are more likely to cause injuries
-Men are also more likely to use violence as a tool in an ongoing pattern of domination and influence
What is violent resistance?
a partner forcibly fights back against intimate terrorism; least common type of IPV
What is mate guarding?
regulating and controlling partner’s access to potential rivals and vice versa; insulting partner; monopolizing time, or surveillance
What is the I-cubed model?
Instigating Triggers
-Cause partners to be frustrated
-Jealousy evoking events, betrayal, rejection
Impelling Influences
-More likely partners will experience violent impulses
-When someone is fired up, predisposed to violence as a child
Inhibiting Influences
-Encourage partners from acting in impulses
-Cultural (gender equality = less violence), disposition, good problem solving skills
Situational couple violence: instigating triggers
cause one or both partners to be frustrated or on edge
Stalking
the act of following or harassing another person, causing the fear of death or injury
