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LING 100b > Chapter 12: Psycholinguistics > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Psycholinguistics Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Spoonerisms

A

A useful source of data about language processing involving slips of the tongue

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2
Q

Spoonerisms show that

A

Utterances are planned before they are articualted

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3
Q

You have hissed all my mystery lectures

A

Spoonerism

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4
Q

I’d forgot abouten that

A

Spoonerism

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5
Q

There is no way to analyze slips of tongue because it is a

A

Field technique

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6
Q

two experimental methods used to study the organization of the mental lexicon are

A
  1. Lexical decision

2. Priming

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7
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variables that are measured

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8
Q

Response latency

A

The time to Respond

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9
Q

Response Accuracy

A

The correctness/incorrectness of the response

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10
Q

Lexical Decision Task

A

Participants mast decide whether a string of letters is or is not a word

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11
Q

___ words yield faster responses than ___ words

A

higher-frequency; lower-frequency

eg. free vs fret

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12
Q

___ nonwords yield faster responses than ___ nonwords

A

Pronounceable; unpronounceable

eg. nlib vs plib

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13
Q

Nonwords that sound like ____ yield slower responses than those that do not

A

Real words

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14
Q

T/F:

Phonology plays an important role in lexical access

A

True

even in silent reading

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15
Q

Target Item

A

The item to be judged in a lexical decision task

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16
Q

In a priming task, the target item is preceded by a related ___

A

Prime

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17
Q

Response time is faster if the prime is related:

4

A

Semantically (cat/dog)
Orthographically (couch/touch)
Phonologically (light/bite)
Morphographically (legal/illegality)

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18
Q

Morphemes are ___

A

Stored

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19
Q

Sentences are generated and interpreted by means of ____

A

Computations

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20
Q

Parsing

A

The unconscious automatic analysis of sentences

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21
Q

Timed-Reading Paradigm

A

Subjects press the bar on a keyboard to advance from one word to the next
IV = response time

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22
Q

Timed-Reading experiments show that ___ words take longer to process than ___ words

A

Content words (nouns, verbs); function words (determiners, conjunctions, prepositions)

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23
Q

Readers integrate preceding information into clause structures when reading by

A

Pausing at the end of a sentence

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24
Q

Saccades

A

Jerky eye movements that occur while reading

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25
Regressive Saccades
Jerky eye movements that move backwards
26
DVs in eye-tracking experiments
Fixation location Fixation time Regressive saccades
27
Eye fixations are typically centred on ____ and are typically longer for _____
Content words; less frequent words
28
Greater numbers of regressive saccades are associated with
syntactically complex and semantically anomalous (odd) sentences
29
Event-Related Potential
Measure voltage fluctuations on the scalp that result from neural activity in the brain
30
N400 (ERP)
Negative electrical potential about 400ms after a word is presented Stronger for unexpected words
31
The interpretation of a sentence proceeds
Incrementally
32
The English Lexicon Project
Provides databases of stimulus words for psycholinguistic experiments and response times from multiple lexical decision experiments
33
Google Ngram
Graphs relative frequency of words or phrases over time
34
Bottom-up Processing
Listeners analyze and relate utterances to items in the mental lexicon as they her them
35
Top-down processing
Listeners develop partial representations of what they hear, and for expectations to guide phonetic processing and word recognition
36
Big and fat > pig and vat
Voicing reversal
37
Is pat a girl? > is bat a curl?
Voicing reversal
38
Lebanon > lemanon
Nasal spreading
39
Cohort model of speech
Listeners analyze each word incrementally from beginning to end, reducing the number of compatible word choices until only one is left (unit of analysis = phoneme)
40
The _____ of the syllable appears to affect language processing
Internal structure
41
When combining two one-syllable words, subjects tend to take the ___ from one word and the ___ from the other
Onset; rhyme | bug + cat = bat (not but)
42
Pre-lexical Decomposition
Components of a word are activated by morphological parsing before the whole item is processed Eg. 'barking' primes 'dog'
43
Post-lexical Decomposition
A complete lexical item activates the morphological components of a word
44
Selectional restrictions in morphology
Processing times are longer for violating nonwords
45
Syntactical Operations
Changes to structural relations among words and phrases | does not predict processing time
46
Module
An autonomous/independent processing unit
47
Sentence processing is controlled by a ___ separate from syntax
Module
48
Garden-path Sentances
Grammatical sentences that are difficult to understand | Eg. the horse raced past the barn fell
49
Two Principles of parsing
1. Minimal attachment | 2. Late closure
50
Minimal Attachment
Do not postulate unnecessary syntactic nodes
51
Late Closure
Attach new words to the clause currently being processed
52
Serial Processing Models
Processing proceeds step by step
53
Parallel Processing Models
Several processes occur simultaneously
54
Single-Route Models
Representations are accessed in only one way
55
Dual-Route Models
Representations are accessed in 2 competing ways
56
Symbolic Models
Make reference to rules and representations involving symbols Eg. phonemes, words, syntactic categories
57
Connectionist Models
Make reference to associations of nodes that have no discrete boundaries
58
Nodes
Simple units
59
Language processing involves (2)
1. Lots of storage and representations | 2. computations to decompose linguistic inputs
60
Language processing is fast, but not ____
Efficient

LING 100b (6 decks)

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