Chapter 12 Slides Flashcards
How does the textbook define health?
A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of infirmity
What did Sociology of Health begin as?
Advocating about public health issues and formulating health policies with an understanding that getting people to change their behaviour could improve public health
What are the 4 major changes that lead to the development of Medical Sociology?
1) Degenerative diseases became the leading cause of death instead of infections diseases and the role of social patterns and lifestyle became more obvious
2) Preventative medicine and public health efforts drew attention to significant factors such as poverty and malnutrition
3) Modern psychology emphasized the role of the social environment in psychological healing
4) Medicine became more bureaucratic and administrative (in regulation and delivery)
What are the two distinct ways that sociology approaches medicine?
Sociology of medicine and sociology in medicine
What does Sociology in Medicine look at?
It looks to things like health habits that correlate with illness and poor health
What does Sociology of Medicine look at?
How illness affects everyday life and on how ill individuals (friends and family) respond to their illness and what it means for them. It can also look to sociological issues in health care systems and policies
What is Morbidity?
The prevalence and patterns of disease in a population (how many people and what types are sick)
What is Mortality?
The incidence and patterns and death in a population (how many people and what types are dead)
What does the Epidemiological Transition talk about?
The transition from infectious parasitic diseases to degenerate diseases as the primary cause of death
What does the First Phase of Epidemiological transition see?
Famine and infectious and parasitic diseases as the primary cause of illness and death. Half of all deaths occurred in children under 5 and life expectancy was between 20 and 30 yrs
What does Phase two of Epidemiological transition see?
A decline one epidemics due to improvements and agriculture and nutrition. War is also moved from cities. Lower birth rates and improvements to women’s health and higher life expectancy. Infectious diseases and parasitic diseases become the major cause of death helped by proximity and practices of industrialization and urbanization.
What does the third phase of Epidemiological Transition see?
Infectious diseases decline after further improvement in agriculture nutrition and developments in public health and medical intervention
What does the Fourth phase of Epidemiological transition look like?
Degenerative diseases and New infectious diseases are the primary cause of death (Ebola, HIV-AIDS, H1N1, etc). These new diseases are supported by overuse of antibiotics medically and in livestock production which have created strains of drug-resistant
What causes cancer, stroke, and heart, and accidents as the front runners of death?
Tobacco use, alcohol use and misuse, a poor diet, and physical inactivity
What is leading cause of preventable death?
Tobacco and it kills half of its users
Where is tobacco use increasing and decreasing?
Tabasco use is increasing in middle and low income countries and increasing in high income countries
What is the trend in Alcohol?
We see greater consumption in high income countries but greater harms in low income countries where public health resources are more scarce
Why does the government continue to allow alcohol consumption?
Because it benefits them through the economy
What are the most significant fundamental causes of health and illness?
Socioeconomic status and Ethnicity. It still affects health despite controlling tobacco use, alcohol, diet, physical activity
What is the Social Selection hypothesis?
The suggestion that people with mental disorders may drift into a lower SES, or be prevented from rising to a higher SES
What is Social Causation Hypothesis?
The suggestion that the stresses and challenges of being lowers SES contribute to the development of mental disorders
What are the 5 Objectives of the Canadian Medicare system?
1) Universal (equal access)
2) Portability (available across provinces)
3) Comprehensive coverage (to cover all necessary procedures)
4) Non-profit administration (the health care system doesn’t make money)
5) They added accessibility with the intention to redistribute resources
