Chapter 12: Social Psychology

Question 1

The field of psychology that looks at behavior and mental processes but includes as well the social world in which we exist, as we are surrounded by others to whom we are connected and by whom we are influenced in so many ways. It is the scientific study of how a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings influence and are influenced by social groups.

Answer 1

Social Psychology

Question 2

The direct or indirect influence on the behavior, feelings, and thoughts of each individual is a process called?

Answer 2

Social Influence

Question 3

This is the act of changing one’s own behavior to more closely match the actions of others.

Answer 3

Conformity

Question 4

He conducted the first of his classic studies on conformity by showing white cards with varying lengths.

Answer 4

Asch’s Classic Study on Conformity

Question 5

This is the tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions and suggest riskier actions when compared to individuals who have not participated in a group discussion.

Answer 5

Group Polarization

Question 6

The positive influence of others on performance is called what?

Answer 6

Social Facilitation

Question 7

The negative influence is called social impairment what?

Answer 7

Social Impairment

Question 8

People who are lazy tend not to do as well when other people are also working on the same task, but they can do quite well when working on their own. This phenomenon is called what?

Answer 8

Social Loafing

Question 9

When people are gathered in a group there is often a tendency for each individual in the group to experience what?

Answer 9

Deindividuation

Question 10

A psychological process for marketing products devoted to figuring out how to get people to buy things that someone is selling.

Answer 10

Consumer Psychology

Question 11

This occurs when people change their behavior as a result of another person or group asking or directing them to change.

Answer 11

Compliance

Question 12

The person or group asking for the change in behavior typically doesn’t have any real authority or power to command a change; when that authority does exist and behavior is changed as a result, it is called what?

Answer 12

Obedience

Question 13

In this method, compliance with a smaller request is followed by a larger request, people are quite likely to comply because they have already agreed to the smaller one and they want to behave consistently with their previous response.

Answer 13

Foot-in-the-door Technique

Question 14

In this method, method, the
larger request comes first, which is usually refused. This is followed by a second smaller
and more reasonable request that often gets compliance.

Answer 14

Door-in-the-face Technique

Question 15

In this method, technique, once a commitment is made, the cost of that commitment is increased.

Answer 15

Lowball Technique

Question 16

A social psychologist who designed one of the most notorious experiments. Through local newspapers ads, he recruited people who were told that they would be participating in an experiment to test the effects of punishment on learning behavior.

Answer 16

Stanley Milgram

Question 17

This is defined as a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain idea, person, object, or situation.

Answer 17

Attitude

Question 18

What is the ABC Model of Attitudes?

Answer 18

• Affective Component
• Behavior Component
• Cognitive Component

Question 19

This component of attitude is the way a person feels toward the object, person, or situation.

Answer 19

Affective Component

Question 20

This component of attitude is the action that a person takes in regard to the person, object, or situation.

Answer 20

Behavior Component

Question 21

This component of attitude is the way a person thinks about him or herself, an object, or a situation.

Answer 21

Cognitive Component

Question 22

This is the result of a number of different influences with only one thing in common: They are all forms of learning.

Answer 22

Attitude Formation

Question 23

In attitude formation this one way in which attitudes are formed is with the person, idea, situation, or object that is the focus of the attitude.

Answer 23

Direct Contact

Question 24

Another way attitudes are formed is through instruction, either by parents or some other individual.

Answer 24

Direct Instruction

Question 25

Sometimes attitudes are formed because the person is around other people with that attitude.

Answer 25

Interaction with Others

Question 26

Many attitudes are learned through the observation of other people’s actions and reactions to various objects, people, or situations.

Answer 26

Vicarious Conditioning (Observational Learning)

Question 27

The process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading, or explanation.

Answer 27

Persuasion

Question 28

In persuasion, the communicator is the person delivering the message.

Answer 28

Source

Question 29

In persuasion, the actual message should be clear and well organized.

Answer 29

Message

Question 30

In persuasion, the characteristics of the people who are the intended target of the message of persuasion are also important in determining the effectiveness of the message.

Answer 30

Target Audience

Question 31

In persuasion, the form through which a person receives a message is also important.

Answer 31

Medium

Question 32

This model of persuasion assumes that that people either elaborate based on what they hear, or they do not elaborate at all, preferring to pay attention to the surface characteristics of the message.

Answer 32

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Question 33

The 2 types of processing in ELM?

Answer 33

- Central-route processing - Peripheral-route processing

Question 34

When people find themselves doing things or saying things that don’t match their idea of themselves as smart, nice, or moral, for example, they experience an emotional discomfort, this is called?

Answer 34

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 35

That first opportunity is a very important one in impression formation, the forming of the first knowledge a person has about another person. Impression

Answer 35

Impression Formation

Question 36

One of the processes that occur when people meet someone new is the assignment of that person to some kind of category or group.

Answer 36

Social Categorization

Question 37

This is a belief that a set of characteristics is shared by all members of a particular social category.

Answer 37

Stereotype

Question 38

Sets of assumptions that people have about how different types of people, personality traits, and actions are all related and form in childhood.

Answer 38

Implicit Personality Theory

Question 39

A theory developed by social psychologist Fritz Heider (1958) as a way of not only explaining why things happen but also why people choose the particular explanations of behavior that they do.

Answer 39

Attribution Theory