Chapter 12 - Terminology Flashcards
(27 cards)
The three major functions of the nervous system are _______.
- Sensory (PNS): detection of sensations within and outside the body
- Integrative (CNS): “decision-making” processes
- Motor (PNS): stimulation of muscle cell contraction or gland secretion
The four divisions of the brain are ______.
- Cerebrum
- Diencephalon
- Cerebellum
- Brainstem
The enlarged superior portion of the brain, which has left and right hemispheres, is called the ______.
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is responsible for ______.
Higher mental functions (learning, memory, personality, cognition/thinking, language) and plays major roles in sensation and movement
The central core of the brain, beneath the cerebral hemispheres, is the ______.
Diencephalon
The four structural parts of the Diencephalon are ______.
- Thalamus
- Epithalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Subthalamus
The Diencephalon is responsible for ______.
- Processing, integrating, and relaying information to different parts of the brain
- Maintaining homeostasis of various physiological variables
- Regulation of movement
- Biological rhythms
The posterior and inferior portion of the brain, which is composed of left and right hemispheres, is the _____.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is responsible for ______.
Planning and coordination of movement, particularly for complex activity (I.e. playing an instrument)
The part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord is the ______.
Brainstem
The brainstem is responsible for ______.
- Control of basic involuntary processes (rate/depth of breathing)
- Mediating reflexes
- Monitoring movement
- Integrating and relaying information to other parts of the nervous system
The long, tubular organ that is encased within and protected by the vertebral cavity, begins at the brainstem, and ends between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, is called ______.
The spinal cord
The brain and spinal cord consist of white and gray matter. Why are they colored as such?
White matter contains myelinated axons
Gray matter is made up of cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons
The superficial parts of the cerebrum are separated by shallow grooves, called ________, and deep grooves, called _______.
Sulci and fissures
The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are separated by a long fissure called the ______.
Longitudinal Fissure
The elevated ridges between the sulci of the cerebrum are called _____.
Gyri (singular = gyrus)
The shallow groove that separates the frontal lobe of the brain from the parietal lobes is called the ______.
Central Sulcus
The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by a deep groove called the _____.
Lateral Fissure
Beneath the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes is the paired ________.
Insulas
The most complex and external portion of the brain is the region of gray matter called the _______.
Cerebral cortex
The areas of the neocortex, which makes up most of and was the most recent to evolve within the cerebral cortex, are _______.
- Primary motor cortex (upper motor neurons consciously plan and execute movement)
- Primary sensory cortices (first to receive and process sensory input)
- Association areas (integrate different types of stimuli)
Each of our five senses, as well as our sense of balance, is represented by both a primary area and an association area in the cerebral cortex. What are these six areas called?
- Somatosensory (primary & association) = process touch
- Visual (primary & association) = process visual input
- Auditory (primary & association) = process auditory stimuli
- Gustatory = process taste stimuli
- Olfactory = process smell
- Vestibular = process equilibrium and positional stimuli
A premotor area, located in the frontal lobe, responsible for the ability to produce language, is called ______.
Broca’s Area
The integrative speech area, located in the temporal and parietal lobes, responsible for the ability to understand language, is called ______.
Wernicke’s Area
