Chapter 12 - The Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
theriogenology
A
Used to describe animal reproduction or the study of producing beasts.
2
Q
their/o
A
Combining form for beast.
3
Q
gen/o
A
Combining form for producing.
4
Q
-logy
A
Suffix meaning to study.
5
Q
genitals
A
The reproductive organs, either male or female.
6
Q
genitalia
A
The reproductive organs, either male or female. Include external and internal organs.
7
Q
genit/o
A
Refers to the organs of reproduction.
8
Q
scrotum
A
The external pouch that encloses and supports the testes.
- Latin term for bag.
- Encloses the testes outside the body so that the testes are at a temperature lower than body temperature.
- Lower temp needed for sperm development.
9
Q
scrotal sac
A
The external pouch that encloses and supports the testes. Another word for scrotum.
10
Q
scrot/o
A
scrotum
11
Q
perineum
A
The area between the anus and the scrotum in males, and the vaginal orifice in females.
12
Q
perine/o
A
Combining form for the area between the scrotum (or vaginal orifice in females) and the anus in males.
13
Q
testes
A
The male sex glands that produce spermatozoa. Plural.
14
Q
testis
A
The male sex glands that produce spermatozoa. Single gland.
15
Q
testicles
A
The male sex glands that produce spermatozoa.
16
Q
gonads
A
sex glands
17
Q
Combining forms for testes.
A
orch/o orchi/o orchid/o test/o testicul/o
18
Q
seminiferous tubules
A
- The coiled tubes that are in the testicles.
- Channels in the testes in which sperm are produced and through which the sperm leave the testes.
19
Q
interstitial cells
A
The cells between the spaces.
20
Q
Leydig’s cells
A
The interstitial cells of the testes.
-have endocrine function.
21
Q
Sertoli cells
A
Specialized cells in the testes that support and nourish sperm growth.
22
Q
Sperm
A
The male gametes, or sex cells.
-Spermatozoa
23
Q
Spermatozoa
A
The male gametes, or sex cells.
-Sperm
24
Q
Spermatozoon
A
One, single gamete.
25
Combining forms for spermatozoa.
sperm/o
| spermat/o
26
acrosome (part of sperm)
A structure at the top of the head of sperm. Contains enzymes that allow the spermatozoon to penetrate the ovum.
27
midpiece (part of sperm)
Contains mitochondria to provide energy to the sperm.
28
Head (part of sperm)
Contains the nucleus.
29
Tail (part of sperm)
A flagellum that provides movement for the spermatozoon to reach the ovum.
30
Spermatogenesis
Production of male gametes.
31
gamete
Sex cells.
- sperm in males.
- ovum in females.
32
epididymis
| what does it do
The tube at the upper part of each testis that:
- secretes part of the semen.
- stores semen before ejaculation
- provides a passageway for sperm.
33
epididymis
| parts
- Head (caput)
- Body
- Tail
34
epididymis
| passageway
- Runs down the length of the testicle.
- Turns upward.
- Becomes a narrower tube called the ductus deferens.
35
epididymis
| sperm
- sperm are collected in the epididymis.
| - this is where they become motile or capable of spontaneous motion.
36
epididym/o
Combining form for epididymis.
37
ductus deferens
A tube connected to the epididymis that carries sperm into the pelvic region toward the urethra.
- encased by the spermatic cord.
- the excretory duct of the testes.
- in swine, has a glandular portion called the ampulla.
38
spermatic cord
Encases the:
- ductus deferens
- nerves
- blood and lymph vessels
- cremaster muscle
39
ampulla
An enlarged part of a tube or canal.
40
seminal vesicles / vesicular glands
| what/where
Two glands that open into the ductus deferens where it joins the urethra.
41
seminal vesicles / vesicular glands
| function
Secrete a thick, yellow substance that nourishes sperm and adds volume to the ejaculated semen.
42
semen
The ejaculatory fluid that contains sperm and the secretions of the accessory sex glands.
43
semin/i
Combining form for semen.
44
ejaculatory duct
- Formed by the union of the ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles.
- Passes through the prostate and enters the urethra.
45
prostate gland
- A single gland that surrounds or is near the urethra and may be well defined or diffuse depending on the species.
- Secretes a thick fluid that aids in the motility of sperm.
46
prostat/o
Combining form for prostate gland.
47
bulbourethral glands
- Two glands located on either side of the urethra.
- Secrete a thick mucus that acts as a lubricant for sperm.
- Called Cowper's glands in humans.
48
prostate gland
| in which species
- dog
- cat
- pig
- ruminants
- horse
49
vesicular gland
| in which species
- pig
| - ruminants
50
seminal vesicles
| in which species
-horse
51
bulbourethral
| in which species
- cat
- pig
- ruminants
- horse
52
urethra
- A tube passing through the penis to the outside of the body.
- Serves both reproductive and urinary systems.
53
urethr/o
Combing form for urethra.
54
penis
Male sex organ that carries reproductive and urinary products out of the body.
-all species except cats have a cranioventrally directed penis.
55
glans penis
The distal part of the penis on which the urethra opens.
56
prepuce
The retractable fold of skin covering the glans penis.
| -aka foreskin
57
os penis
In dogs, a bone encased in the penile tissue.
58
pen/i
Combing form for penis.
59
priap/o
Combing form for penis.
60
sigmoid flexure
- An s-shpaed bend in the penis.
- When present, erection is achieved by straightening.
- Not present in all species. Ruminants and Swine DO have this.
61
ovaries
- A small pair of organs located in the caudal abdomen.
- The female gonad.
- Produces estrogen, progesterone, and eggs.
- Contain many small sacks - graafian follicles.
62
Ova
- Eggs
| - Develop in the ovaries and are expelled (ovulated) when the egg matures.
63
graafian follicles
- Each one contains an ovum
| - Located in the ovaries.
64
female gonad
| combining forms
ovari/o
| oophor/o
65
egg
| combining forms
oo/o
ov/i
ov/o
66
oocyte
An egg cell.
67
uterine tubes
Paired tubes that extend from the cranial portion of the uterus to the ovary.
-NOT attached to the ovary.
68
uterine tubes
| alternate names
oviducts
| fallopian tubes
69
salping/o
- Combing form for uterine.
| - Means tube.
70
infundibulum
A funnel-shaped opening at the distal end of each uterine tube.
71
fimbriae
- Fringed extensions of the infundibulum.
- Catch each ova when they leave the ovary.
- NOT attached to the ovaries.
72
fertilization
- Egg and sperm union.
| - Usually occurs in the uterine tube.
73
uterus
-Thick walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining that houses the developing embryo in pregnant females.
74
uterus
| combing forms
hyster/o
metr/o
metri/o
uter/o
75
uterus
| the three parts
- Cornus
- Corpus
- Cervix
76
cornus
Horn. The cranial end of the uterus has two horns that travel toward the oviducts.
- cornu means horn.
- some animals are bicornuate
77
bicornuate
Having two large, well-defined uterine horns.
78
corpus
Body. The middles portion os the uterus.
| -corpu means body.
79
cervix
Neck. The caudal portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
-cervic/o means neck.
80
uterus
| three major tissue types
- Perimetrium
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
81
perimetrium
Membranous outer layer of the uterus.
82
peri-
Prefix for surrounding.
83
myometrium
Muscular middle layer of the uterus.
84
my/o
Combining form for muscle.
85
endometrium
Inner layer of the uterus.
86
endo-
Prefix meaning within.
87
cervix
The caudal continuation of the uterus and marks the cranial extent of the vagina.
88
cervix
| main function
Prevent foreign substances from entering the uterus.
89
cervix
| open vs closed
- Is usually closed tightly except during estrus when it relaxes to allow entry of sperm.
- During pregnancy is closed with a mucous plug.
90
cervic/o
Combining form of uterus.
| -means neck or neck-like structure.
91
sphincters
Ringlike smooth muscle.
92
vagina
The muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body.
93
vagina
| functions
- Accepts the penis during copulation.
- Serves as a passage for semen into the body.
- Serves as a passage for excretions and offspring out of the body.
94
vagina
| combining forms
colp/o
| vagin/o
95
hymen
A membranous fold of tissue that may partially or completely cover the external vaginal orifice.
96
orifice
An entrance our outlet from a body cavity.
97
vulva
The external opening to the urogenital tract.
- Female external genitalia.
- also pudendum
98
pudendum
The external opening to the urogenital tract.
- Female external genitalia.
- also vulva
99
vulva
| consists of
- vaginal orifice
- vestibular glands
- clitoris
- hymen
- urethral orifice
100
vulva
| combining forms
vulv/o
| episi/o
101
labia
Fleshy borders or edges of the vulva.
- occasionally called the lips.
- in animals, the vulva contains simple lips.
102
vaginal orifice
The entrance from the vagina to the outside of the body.
103
vestibular glands
Secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina.
- found in bovine, feline, and occasionally ovine species.
- also know as Bartholin's glands in primates.
104
clitoris
The sensitive erectile tissue of females located in the ventral portion of the vulva.
-is the analog of the glans penis of the male.
105
urethral orifice
Found where the vagina and vulva join.
| -sometimes associated with a vestigial hymen.
106
mammary glands
Milk-producing glands in females.
| -number varies with species.
107
mammary glands
| number for species
2 glands
- mare
- ewe
- doe (goat)
4 glands
-cows
6 or more pair
-sows
4 or more pair
-bitches and queens
108
mammary glands
| in litter-bearing species
- Glandular structures are usually paired.
- Located on the ventral surface.
- Each singular gland (mamma) is associated with one nipple
- Also called mammae
109
udder
The mammary gland of large animals.
- located in the inguinal area.
- has two or four functional teats.
110
teat
The nipple area in large animals.
111
quarters
The four mammae.
