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Unit 1 - Biological Molecules > Chapter 1.21 Carbohydrates 1 Monosaccharides And Disaccharides > Flashcards

Chapter 1.21 Carbohydrates 1 Monosaccharides And Disaccharides Flashcards

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1
Q

Define monomer

A

Small molecule

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2
Q

Define polymer

A

Long chain molecule made up of many repeating monomer joined by chemical bonds

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3
Q

Define macromolecule

A

Very large molecule formed by polymerisation

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4
Q

What is starch ?

A

Long chain of polymer formed of alpha glucose monomers

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5
Q

What is glucose ?

A

Hexose sugar

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6
Q

What is monosaccharide ?

A

Single sugar monomer

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7
Q

What is disaccharide ?

A

Sugar made up of two monosaccharide joined by condensation reaction

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8
Q

What is polysaccharide ?

A

Polymer made up of long chains of monosaccharide joined by glycosidic bond

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9
Q

What is a triose sugar ?

A

Sugar with 3 carbons

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10
Q

What is a pentose sugar ?

A

A sugar with five carbons

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11
Q

What is a hexose sugar?

A

Sugar with 6 carbons

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12
Q

What is ribose made of and what is it needed for?

A

Ribose sugar is made of hexose sugar and makes up part of RNA

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13
Q

What is deoxyribose and what is it needed for?

A

It is a pentose sugar and needed for the structure of DNA

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14
Q

What is the non abbreviated name for DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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15
Q

What is DNA ?

A

Nucleus acid that contains genetic material

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16
Q

What is the non abbreviated name for RNA ?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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17
Q

What is RNA ?

A

Nucleic Acid which can act as the genetic material and involved in protein synthesis

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18
Q

What is hexose sugar?

A

It contains six carbon atoms

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19
Q

What is isomers?

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula but have different molecular structure

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20
Q

What is a condensation reaction ?

A

Water is removed from the reacting molecules in order to make glycosidic bonds between them

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21
Q

What are reducing sugars ?

A

Sugars that react with Benedict’s solution and reduce copper (II) ions into copper (I) ions. Giving the solution orange precipitate?

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22
Q

Does non - reducing sugars react with Benedict’s solution?

A

No

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23
Q

True or false ? Is biological molecules organic molecules ?

A

True

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24
Q

What does organic compounds consist of ?

A

Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and sometimes nitrogen sulfur and phosphorus

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25
How many bonds can each carbon atoms make?
4 bonds so it can join up with four other atoms
26
Does carbon atoms bond strongly with other carbon atoms to make long chains?
Yes
27
What shape does four bonds of carbon make?
Tetrahedral shape
28
What does tetrahedral shape allow carbon to form ?
Formation of branches chains, rings or 3D shapes
29
Does carbon combine to make macromolecules?
Yes
30
Why is carbohydrate important in cells ?
They are energy source and store energy
31
What is carbohydrate in fungi, plants and bacterial used for as well as energy storage?
For cell wall
32
What are the best known carbohydrates?
Sugar and starch
33
What atoms are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
34
What are the main three groups of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide
35
Is monosaccharide simple sugar?
Yes
36
What is the general formula for carbohydrate?
(CH2O)n
37
What are triose sugars needed for?
Mitochondria where glucose is broken down into triose sugars during respiration
38
What is ribose needed for?
RNA
39
What is deoxyribose needed for ?
DNA
40
Give 3 sugars of hexose
Glucose, galactose and fructose
41
What does molecular formula show you?
How many atoms there are in the molecule
42
What does molecular formula not show you?
It doesn’t show how the atoms are arranged in a molecule
43
Fill in the blank: glucose comes in different forms (_______)
Isomers
44
What are the 2 isomers of glucose ?
Alpha glucose and beta glucose
45
What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose ?
Alpha glucose has carbon 1 connected to H then Oh but beta glucose has carbon 1 connected to OH then H
46
How is disaccharide sugar formed?
By joining two monosaccharide together
47
What reaction takes place during the formation of disaccharide and polysaccharide sugars?
Condensation reaction
48
What molecule is removed during condensation reaction?
Water
49
What link is made between the two monosaccharide?
Glycosidic bond
50
What is glycosidic bond
A covalent bond
51
What does 1-4 glycosidic bond mean ?
It means that there’s glycosidic bond between carbon 1 and 4
52
What is sucrose found ?
In plants such as sugar cane
53
What is sucrose made from ?
Alpha glucose and fructose
54
Where is lactose found ?
In milk
55
What is lactose made from ?
Alpha glucose and beta galactose
56
What is maltose found in?
Germinating seeds such as barley
57
What is maltose made from ?
Alpha glucose and alpha glucose
58
What is Benedict’s solution used to test ?
Test for reducing sugars
59
What colour is Benedict’s solution and what does it contain?
It is a blue solution and contains copper (II) ions
60
What happens to Benedict’s solution when it reacts with reducing sugars ?
Reduce the copper (II) ions to copper (I) ions forming a precipitate and giving colour change from blue to orange
61
True or false. Monosaccharides and some disaccharides are reducing sugars
True
62
What is the name for sugars that do not react with Benedict’s solution ?
Non- reducing sugars
63
How do you produce glucose from non reducing sugar?
Heat non reducing sugar with few drops of hydrochloride acid to hydrolyse the glycosidic bonds and allow it to cool and then neutralise the solution with sodium carbonate

Unit 1 - Biological Molecules (4 decks)

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