chapter 12.7 - neurotransmitters' and neuromodulators Flashcards
1
Q
What are the classes of neurotransmitters
A
Excitatory neurotransmitters
* Cause depolarization of postsynaptic membranes
* Promote action potential
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
* Cause hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membranes
* Suppress action potentials
2
Q
What are the major classes of neurotransmitters?
A
- Biogenic amines
- Amino acids
- Neuropeptides
- Dissolved gases
3
Q
List some biogenic amines
A
norepinephrine
dopamine
serotonin
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
4
Q
What is a neuromodulators
A
Are chemicals released by axon terminals that alter the rate of neurotransmitter release or postsynaptic cell
5
Q
Explains of neuromodulators
A
neuropeptides
opioids
6
Q
What are the classes of opioids
A
- Enkephalins
- Endorphins
- Dynorphins
7
Q
What are the dissolved gases that are important neurotransmitters
A
- Nitric oxide (NO)
- Carbon monoxide (CO)
8
Q
What are indirect effects neurotransmitters and neuromodulators
A
- An indirect effect through G proteins
- Example: E, NE, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, GABA
- An indirect effect via intracellular enzymes
- Example: lipid-soluble gases (NO, CO)
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