Joints-9.3-Movements of the synovial joints

Question 1

What are the planes of movement?

Answer 1

– Monaxial—1 plane (e.g., elbow)
– Biaxial—2 planes (e.g., wrist)
– Triaxial—3 planes (e.g., shoulder)

Question 2

What are the types of movement at the synovial joint

Answer 2

– Gliding movement
– Angular movement
– Circumduction
– Rotational movement
– Special movements

Question 3

What is gliding movements

Answer 3

– When two flat surfaces slide past each other
– Example: between carpal bones
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Question 4

What is angular movement

Answer 4

– Flexion and extension are movements in the anterior-posterior plane
– Flexion
* Decreases angle between articulating bones
– Extension
* Increases angle between articulating bones
– Hyperextension
* Extension past anatomical position
– Abduction and adduction are movements in the frontal
plane
– Abduction
* Movement away from the longitudinal axis
– Adduction
* Movement toward a longitudinal axis
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Question 5

What is circumduction

Answer 5

– A complete circular movement without rotation
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Question 6

What is rotational movements

Answer 6

– Rotation in reference to anatomical position
* Example: left or right rotation of the head
– Limb rotation is relative to the longitudinal axis of the body
* Medial rotation (internal rotation toward long axis)
* Lateral rotation (external rotation away from the body)
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– Pronation
* Rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna
* Results in palm facing posteriorly
– Supination
* Turns palm anteriorly
* Forearm is supinated in anatomical position
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Question 7

What are the classifications of synovial joinst

Answer 7

▪ Plane joint (gliding joint)
– Flattened or slightly curved surfaces
– Limited motion (nonaxial)
▪ Hinge joint
– Angular motion in a single plane (monaxial)
▪ Condylar joint
– Oval articular face within a depression
– Motion in two planes (biaxial)
▪ Saddle joint
– Articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle
– Biaxial
▪ Pivot joint
– Rotation only
– Monaxial
▪ Ball-and-socket joint
– Round head in a cup-shaped depression
– Triaxial