CHAPTER 13 Flashcards
(17 cards)
RESEARCH PROCESS
P-PLAN L-LOCATE DATA AND INFORMATION P-PROCESS DATA AND INFORMATION A-APPLY YOU FINDINGS M-MANAGE INFORMATION
Maintaining Ethics and Etiquette in Your Research
- Don’t Force a Specific Outcome
- Respect the Privacy of Research Participants
- Document Sources and Give Credit
- Respect Intellectual Property Rights
- Don’t Misquote Your Sources
- Don’t Make Misrepresentations
Evaluating Sources
- Does the Source Have a Reputation for Honesty and Reliability?
- Is the Source Potentially Biased?
- What is the Purpose of the Material?
- Is the Author Credible?
- Where Did the Source Get the Information?
- Can You Verify the Material Independently?
- Is the Material Current?
- Is the Material Complete?
- Are All Claims Supported with Evidence?
- Do the Source’s Claims Stand Up to Logical Scrutiny?
General-Purpose Online Search Tools PROS
- ranked by usefulness
- milions of webpages
- powerful ranking algorithms (to present the pages that are probably the most relevant to your search request)
General-Purpose Online Search Tools CONS
- no human editors
- no uniform search techniques
- can reach deep web
Search Tips
- Think Before You Search
- Pay Attention to the Details
- Don’t Limit Search Engines
- Review Search and Display Options
- Try Variations of Terms
- Adjust the Scope of the Search
- Look Beyond the First Few Pages
Documenting Sources
3 important functions
- Properly Credits Originator
- Shows Sufficient Support for Your Message
- Readers Explore Topic in More Detail
Gathering Information With Surveys
-Must Be Reliable Produces Identical Results When Repeated -Must Be Valid Measures What It Is Intended to Measure -Choose Participants Carefully Get Representative Sample of the Population -Use Research Handbook -Hire a Research Specialist
Conducting Surveys
- Provide Clear Instructions
- Ask for Information People Can Remember
- Keep Questionnaire Short
- Formulate Questions that are Easy to Analyze
- Avoid Leading Questions
- Avoid Ambiguous Descriptors
- Avoid Compound Questions
- Make the Survey Adaptive
Gathering Information With Interviews
types of question
- Open-ended Questions
- Closed Questions
- Question Sequence
Types of Interviews
- Recorded Interviews
- Face-to-Face Interviews
- Group Interviews
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
- Quoting Reproduce the Material Exactly - Paraphrasing Restating It in Your Own Words - Summarizing Similar to Paraphrasing Presents the Gist of the Material in Fewer Words
Summarizing Your Research
- Do Not Include Opinions, Conclusions or, Recommendations
- Separate By Levels of Significance
- Identify the Main Idea and Key Support Points
- Focus on the Audience’s Needs
Drawing Conclusions
Two Criteria
-Must Be Based Strictly on the Information in Your Report
Do not introduce new information
-Conclusion Must be Logical
Follows accepted patterns of inductive or deductive reasoning
-Use Appropriate Assumptions, Judgment Calls, and Creative Thinking
Making Recommendations
Suggest What to Do
- Based Upon Logical Analysis and Sound Conclusions
- Practical and Acceptable
- Adequately Describe Steps
secondary research
With a clear plan and careful prioritization, you’re ready to conduct research, and the first step is to see whether anyone else has already done some or all of the research you need. Consulting research that was done previously for another purpose.
The sources for such information include print and online periodicals, online databases, books, and other research reports.
primary research
new research done specifically for the current project
