Chapter 13 Flashcards by Timothy Medeiros

Operations level responders with mission specific product control training are able to

Perform their duties with limited risk of exposure at hazmat incident

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Flammable and combustible liquids control consideration (5)

Structural firefighters protective clothing can absorb flammable and combustible liquids which can later ignite if exposed to an ignition source

Vapors from flammable and combustible liquids are usually heavier than air

Flammable and combustible liuids are typically lighter then water and if so will float on the surface of water

Flammable and combustible liquids are Class b materials, water is an ineffective extinguishing agent

Flammable and combustible liquids vapors may be toxic for example benzene is carcinogen

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Hazardous materials technicians and specialists perform

Most offensive leak control tactics

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Operations responders can take offensive actions with these 3 fuels provided they have appropriate training procedures, equipment and PPE

Gasoline,
Diesel,
LPG

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Cargo Tank Truck shutoff devices locations may very but often found

Located behind the drivers side cab

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MC331 may also have ______ shutdown device

Electronically operated and can be operated 150 feet away

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MC 306 /DOT 406 and MC 307 /DOT 407 have emergency shutoff device on

left front corner of the tank behind the driver compartment

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MC 323/dog 412 typically

dont have shut off devices

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High pressure cryogenic intermodal containers will have

Emergency shutoffs for the bottom internal valve

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Spill control is not restricted to controlling liquids, responders may also need to confine dusts, vapors, and gases with the following (5)

Protective covering consisting of a fine spray of water
Layers of earth
Salvage covers
Plastic sheets
Foam blankets on liquids

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Strategically placed water streams can direct absorb dilute or move gases reference sources and trainer information can provide the proper procedures for confining gases. the following dictate the type and effectiveness of confinement efforts (7)

Material type
Rate of release
Speed of spread
Number of responder available
Tools and equipment needed
Weather
Topography

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Defensive spill control tactics that confine hazardous materials include the following (5)

Absorption
Blanketing/Covering
Vapor Suppression
Adsorption
Dam Dike, Divert and retain

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Some defensive spill control tactics include diluting the concentration or changing its physical state of matter of hazard. these 7 tactics include the following

Dilution
Dispersion
Solidification
Ventilation
Dissolution
Neutralization
Vapor Dispersion

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Absorption is

like a sponge soaking up water retains a liquid hazardous material in some other material, the bulk of the liquid being absorbed enter the cell structure of the absorbing medium.

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5 Common Absorption materials

Sawdust
Clays
Charcoal
Polyolefin type fibers
Specially designed absorbent pads, pillows, booms, and socks

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Adsorption is

Differs from absorption in that molecules of the liquid hazardous material physically adhere to the adsorbent material rather then being absorbed into the inner spaces

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2 Common Adsorption materials

Activated charcoal
Carbon

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For Blanketing or covering solids such as powders and dust the following 4 tools are used

Tarps
Salvage covers
Plastic sheeting
Other materials including foam

Blanketing / covering can also be used in the following situations (3)

At radiological and biological incident as a form of temporary mitigation

At liquified gas leaks to cause the released material to auto refrigerate beneather the tarp or covering

As a temporary option to covering openings of some liquid containers with plastic sheets or tarps to confine vapors

Two Main types of dams

Containment
underflow and overflow

Underflow and overflow dam

permits surface water or runoff to pass either under or over the dam while holding back the hazardous material

Underflow dam retains hazardous materials that are

Lighter than water

Overflow dam retains hazardous materials that are

heavier than water

Retaining is

Holding or containing a liquid in a area until it can be absorbed, neutralized or removed, and is often used as a longer term solution

Dilutions is

The application of water to water soluble material to reduce the hazard

Dispersion is

Involves breaking up or dispersing a hazardous material that has spilled on a solid or liquid surface with both chemical or biological agents

Neutralization is

involves raising or lowering the ph of corrosive materials to render them neutral

Vapor Dispersion

Uses water spray to direct or influence the course of airborne hazardous materials

Vapor Suppression

is the action taken to reduce the emission of vapors, firefighting foams are effective on spills of flammable and combutible liquids if the foam concentrate is compatible with the material

Vapor Suppression

is the action taken to reduce the emission of vapors, firefighting foams are effective on spills of flammable and combustible liquids if the foam concentrate is compatible with the material

Foam Concentrates are divided into two general categories based on the classification

Class A fuel foams = Ordinary combustibles Class B fuel foam= For Flammable and combustible liquids

To produce high quality foam four elements are necessary

Foam Concentrate Water Air Mechanical Agitation

5 other points to consider when using foam for vapor suppression include

Do not use water streams in conjunction with the application of foam, water destory s and washes away foam blankets Ensure that a material is below its boiling point, foam cannot seal vapors of boiling liquids Dot not rely on the film that precedes the foam blanket it is not reliable vapor suppressant Reapply aerated foam periodically until the foam completely overs the spill Ensure Foam concentrate is above freezing point

Look for these 4 sets of letters before the name on the foam concentrate container

ARC- Alcohol resistand concentrate PSL- Polar solvent liquid ATC- Alcohol type concentrate to use on polar solvent liquids F3- Flurine free foams for flammable hydrocarbon liquid fires

Drainage time is

The time required for one-fourth (25 percent or one quater) of the total liquid solution to drain from the foam

Expansion ration is

the volume of finished foam that results from a unit volume of foam solution

Responders should consider may factors at hazardous materials incident where flammable or combustible liquids are present or burning including (3)

Where vapors may be present or traveling Where and what possible ignition sources are present Whether to extinguish the fire and how

Responders should consider withdrawal as potentially safest tactical option due to conditions such as the following (3)

A threat of catastrophic container failure Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion BLEVE or other explosion potential The resources needed to control the incident are unavailable

If inital water streams will not cool both the tank and exposures given priority to

the involved container

Most potassium based dry chemical agents such as purple k are compatible with foam but do not use the 2 following agents

ABC that use monoammonium phosphate based dry chemical which is yellow in color BC that use sodium bicarbonate which is blue in color

the most common cause of a BLEVE is

When flames contact the tank shell above the liquid level and the tank shell itself has overheated

When attacking a tank cars that may BLEVE apply

continual water at minimum rate of 500 GPM to the upper portions of the tank

Do not extinguis gas fed fires burning around the relief valves or piping unless

Turning off the supply can stop the leaking product

4 Variety of materials are loosely categorized as flammable solids

Metal Powders Readily combustible solids that ignite by friction Self reactive materials that undergo a strong exothermic decomposition Explosives' that are wetted to suppress their explosive properties