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HAZMAT > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The first responsibility of the operations level responder is to

A

Apply the APIE-T and analyze the incident

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2
Q

Be Cautious and alert to vapors from liquids as they may be (5)

A

Contact hazards
Inhalation Hazard
Flammable
Corrosive
Toxic

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3
Q

Solids my have the 4 following dangerous properties

A

Inhalation or contact hazard
Small combustible particles that if ignited may explode
Entrapment hazard in the form of loose solids confined to large containers
Flammable, Reactive, Radioactive, Corrosive, Toxic

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4
Q

Sublimation is

A

Transition directly rom a solid to a gas without goin into a liquid state in between

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5
Q

Dust is

A

Solid particle that is formed or generated from solid organic or inorganic materials by reducing as size through mechanical processes

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6
Q

Fume is

A

Suspension of particles that form when material from volatilized (vapor state solid condenses in cool air, in most cases the solid, smoke like particles resulting from the condesation react with the air to form an oxide

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7
Q

Mist is

A

Finely divided liquid suspended in the atmosphere

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8
Q

Aerosol is

A

Form of pressurized mist characterized by highly respirable

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9
Q

Fiber is

A

Solid particle whose length is several times greater than its diameter, formed by a disruption of the natural state. Usually not visibly identifiable in the air

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10
Q

Deposition is

A

Change directly form a vapor to solid without going into a liquid sate in between

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11
Q

Vapor pressure near 760mmHg means

A

the material will evaporate very rapidly

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12
Q

Boiling Point is

A

The temperature at which liquids change to gas at given pressure, Boiling poitn is usally expressed in degrees Fahrenheit at sea level pressure

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13
Q

BLEVE can occur

A

When liquid within a container is heated causing the material inside to boil or vaporize

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14
Q

BLEVE most commonly occurs when

A

Flames contact a tank shell above the liquid level or when insufficient water is applied to keep a tank shell cool.

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15
Q

Specific Gravity is

A

The ration of the density of material to the density of a standard material usually an equal volume of water.
heaver then 1 will sink while lighter then 1 will float

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16
Q

Molecular weight

A

is used to determine vapor density air has a molecular weight of 29g/mol
molecular weighing less then 29 will be lighter then air and weight greater then 29 will be heavier then air

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17
Q

Vapor density is

A

the weight of a given volume of pure vapor compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
Less then one means lighter then air, Greater then one means heavier then air

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18
Q

Persistence of a chemical is

A

Its ability to remains in the environment when unconfined

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19
Q

Viscosity is

A

the measure of the thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given temperature

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20
Q

Solubility in water

A

expresses the percentage of a material by weight that will dissolve in a quantity of water ambient temperature

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21
Q

Miscibility is

A

Describes the ability of tow or more gases or liquids to mix with or to dissolve into each other

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22
Q

Corrosives are commonly divided into two broad categories

A

Acids and
Bases

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23
Q

Acids have a ph of

A

values of 0 to 6.9

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24
Q

Bases have ph of

A

Values of 7.1 to 14

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25
Q

Saponification is

A

The breakdown of Fatty tissues

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26
Q

Flash point is

A

The minimum temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid give off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air nears its surface. it will flash in the pressence of an ignition source but will not continue to burn

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27
Q

Fire point is

A

Is the temperature at which a liquid or volatile substance givens off enough vapors to support continuous burning. usually only a few degrees 10-30 degrees higher then its flash point

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28
Q

The term Inflammable means the

A

Same as flammable

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29
Q

Autoignition temperature /point

A

is the minimum temperature to which the fuel in the air must be heated to self sustained combustion without ignition from an independent ignition source

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30
Q

Products with low LEL or with wide range of LEL and UEL are

A

Especially dangerous

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31
Q

nonionizing radiation is

A

Least energetic form of radiation

32
Q

ionizing radiation is

A

the most energetic form of radiation and the most hazardous

33
Q

4 types of ionizing radiation is

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron

34
Q

Alpha radiation

A

positively charged alpha particles are emitted from the nucleus during radiactive decay and rapidly lose energy when passing through matter

35
Q

Beta Radiation

A

Fast moving, positively charge positron or negatively charged electron that are emitted from the atom nucleus during radioactive decay

36
Q

Gamma Radiation

A

are high energy photon like x rays

37
Q

Neutron radiation is

A

are particles that have physical mass but have no electrical charge

38
Q

RAM is

A

Radioactive materials emit ionizing radiation

39
Q

Radioactive contamination can spread by ____ and spread _____

A

by convection currents and great distances

40
Q

Class 7 radioactive materials packages will be

A

Marked with a UN identification number

41
Q

One basic strategy to use for radioactive materials is

A

Time-decrease the amount of time spent in areas where there is radiation

Distance- Know your dose rate to know the safe distanced from the radioactive material

Shielding- Create a barrier between responders and the radiation source with a building earthen mound or vehicle

42
Q

ASPHYXIANTS are

A

prevent access to sufficient volumes of oxygen

43
Q

Irritants are

A

Cause temporary sometimes sever inflammation to the eyes skin or respiratory system

44
Q

Convulsants are

A

Cause involuntary muscle contractions

45
Q

Allergens and sesitizers are

A

an overreaction of the immune system in people or animals

46
Q

Carbon monoxide CO

A

Is a chemical asphyxiant that is a byproduct of incomplete combustion of organic material

47
Q

Carbon Dioxide CO2

A

is a product of complete combustion of organic material

48
Q

Viruses are

A

The simplest types of microorganisms that can oonly replicate themselves in the living cells of their hosts and do not respond to antibiotics

49
Q

Bacteria is

A

Are Microscopic single celled organism. may cause diesease in people either by invading the tissues or by producing toxins

50
Q

Biological toxins are

A

Produced by living organism however the biological organism itself is usually not harmful to people

51
Q

Diseases associated with bilogical hazards or threats are (3)

A

Diarrheal disease
influenza
Measles

52
Q

3 Examples of potential biological weapons are

A

Anthrax-Bacteria

Botulism- Toxin from the bacteria clostridium botulinum

Smallpox-Virus

53
Q

GEMBO is

A

General emergency behavior model

54
Q

GEMBO model assumes that hazardous materials incidents have the following common 3 elements

A

Material or materials presenting hazards to people the environment or property

Container or containers that have failed or have potential to fail

Exposure or potential exposure to people the environment or property

55
Q

Dispersion/Engulfment is

A

This occurs as the hazardous material inside the container release and move away from the container

56
Q

when evaluating the container stress consider the 4 following

A

Type of container
Produce in the container
Type and amount of stress
Potential duration of the stress

57
Q

Disintegration breach is

A

Occurs in containers that are made of brittle material or that have been made more brittle by some form of stress

58
Q

Runaway Cracking breach is

A

Breaks the container into two or more relatively large pieces or large tears

59
Q

Attachments open or break breach is

A

May fail open or break off when subjected to stress leading to a tola failure of a container

60
Q

Puncture Breach is

A

Occurs when foreign objects penetrate through a container such as forklifts

61
Q

Split or tear breach is

A

Containers may also breach through a split such as a welded seam on a tank or when a drum fails

62
Q

Detonation Release is

A

Instantaneous and explosive release of stored chemical energy of a hazardous material

63
Q

Violent rupture release is

A

Immediate release of chemical or mechanical energy cause by a runaway crack

64
Q

Rapid relief release is

A

Fast release of a pressurized hazardous material through properly operation safety devices

65
Q

Spill/Leak release is

A

Slow release of hazardous material through holes rips tears or usual openings attachments

66
Q

Hemispheric Dispersion

A

Semicircular or dome shaped patter of airborne hazardous material that is still partially in contact with the ground or water

67
Q

3 Following elements are common to hemispheric releases

A

Energy- Generally travels outward in all directions from the point of release

Dispersion of energy- Affect4ed by terrain and cloud cover solid could cover can reflect the detonation shock wave increasing the explosion impact

Energy release- May propel the hazardous material that container parts however this dispersion may not be hemispherical large container parts generally travel in line with the long axis of the container

68
Q

Cloud Dispersion

A

Ball shaped patter of the airborne hazardous material that collectively rises above the ground or water gases vapors and finely divided solids that release quickly

69
Q

Plume Dispersion

A

Irregularly shaped patter of an airborne hazardous material where wind and or topography influence the down rage course from the point of release

-Puff Release when all the material is release at one time, the concentration of gas or vapor in the cloud decreases over time

  • Ongoing release concentration increases over time until the leak stops or all of the product releases then it decreases
70
Q

Cone dispersion

A

Triangular shaped pattern of a hazardous material release with a point source at the breach and wide base down range

71
Q

Stream Dispersion

A

Surface following pattern of liquid hazardous material that is affected by gravity and topographical contours

72
Q

Pool Dispersion

A

Three dimensional slow flowing liquid dispersion

73
Q

Irregular Dispersion

A

Irregular or indiscriminate deposit of a hazardous material

74
Q

Contacts impingements are associated with the following 4 general time frames

A

Immediate- milliseconds, seconds

Short term- Minutes hours

Medium Term- Days weeks months

Long Term- Years. generations

75
Q

4 emergency response communication services listed for the U.S are

A

C

HAZMAT (11 decks)

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