Chapter 13

Question 1

What is the Social Psychology ?

Answer 1

The study of how people influence others’ behaviours, beliefs, and attitudes

Question 2

What is mass hysteria ?

Answer 2

A contagious outbreak of irrational behaviour

Question 3

What is attribution ?

Answer 3

Refers to the process of assigning cause to behaviour

Question 4

What is conformity ?

Answer 4

The tendency to alter our behaviour as a result of group pressure

Question 5

What is deindividuation ?

Answer 5

The tendency to engage in atypical behaviour when stripped of your usual identity

Question 6

What is groupthink ?

Answer 6

An emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking

Question 7

What are cults ?

Answer 7

Groups that exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause

Question 8

What is obedience ?

Answer 8

Adherence to orders from those of higher authority

Question 9

What is prosocial behaviour ?

Answer 9

Behaviour intended to help others

Question 10

What is antisocial behaviour ?

Answer 10

Includes aggresive acts

Question 11

What is bystander nonintervention ?

Answer 11

When people see someone in need but fail to help them

Question 12

What is pluralistic ignorance ?

Answer 12

Error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do

Question 13

What is diffusion of responsibility ?

Answer 13

Reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others

Question 14

What is social loafing ?

Answer 14

When people slack off in groups

Question 15

What is the enlightment effect ?

Answer 15

Exposure to reasearch

Question 16

What is aggression ?

Answer 16

Behaviour intended to harm, either physically or verbally

Question 17

What is relational aggresion ?

Answer 17

Form of indirect aggresion involving spreading rumours, gossiping, and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation

Question 18

What is an attitude ?

Answer 18

A beleif that includes an emotional component

Question 19

What is cognitive dissonance ?

Answer 19

An unpleasant state of tension b/w two opposing thoughts

Question 20

What is the self-perception theory ?

Answer 20

Proposes that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviours

Question 21

What is the impression management theory ?

Answer 21

Proposes that we don’t really change our attitudes, but report that we have changed them

Question 22

What is Foot-in-the-Door ?

Answer 22

Starts with a small request and moves to a larger one

Question 23

What is Door-in-the-face ?

Answer 23

Starts big but then backs off

Question 24

What is the low-ball technique ?

Answer 24

Starts with a low price, then “adds on” all the desireable options

Question 25

What is "But you are free" technique ?

Answer 25

**Gives the impression of choice**

Question 26

What is a stereotype ?

Answer 26

**A belief about the characteristics of members of a group that is applied generally to most members of the group**

Question 27

What are prejudices ?

Answer 27

**Drawing negative conclusions prior to evaluating the evidence**

Question 28

What is the ultimate attribution error ?

Answer 28

**Attributing negative behaviour of some group entirely to thier disposition**

Question 29

What is adaptive conservatism ?

Answer 29

**Evolutionary principle that creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different**

Question 30

What is in-group bias ?

Answer 30

**We favour those within our group compared to those without**

Question 31

What is out-group homogeneity ?

Answer 31

**The tendency to view people outside of our group as similar**

Question 32

What is discrimination ?

Answer 32

**The act of treating members of out-groups differently from members of in-group**

Question 33

What is the scapegoat hypothesis ?

Answer 33

**Arises from a need to balme other groups for our misfortunes**

Question 34

What is the just-world hypothesis ?

Answer 34

**Claim that out attributions and behavious are shaped by a deep-seated assumption that the world is fair and all things happen for a reason**

Question 35

What are explicit prejudices ?

Answer 35

**The forms of prejudice we are aware of**

Question 36

What are implicit prejudice ?

Answer 36

**Prejudices that are automatic/unconscious**

Question 37

What are jigsaw classroom ?

Answer 37

**Educational approach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make independent contributions to a shared project**

Question 38

What is social comparison theory ?

Answer 38

**We seek to evaluate our our abilities and beliefs by comparing them with those of others**