Chapter 13

Question 1

Spinal cord

Answer 1

housed with protective membranes (meninges) and vertebral column.

Question 2

There is more gray matter at the cervical level. Why is this?

Answer 2

Having a mass to hold the brain.
Connects to the trunk and limbs.
Sending msgs everywhere.

Question 3

Cauda means, equina means

Answer 3

Tail- opposite of head, horse3

Question 4

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 4

Cranial nerves + spinal nerves
sensory input and motor response pathways

Question 5

Order of meninges from most superior to most inferior?

Answer 5

Dura mater > Arachnoid mater > Pia mater (DAP)

Question 6

C8 is ___ seventh cervical vertebra

Answer 6

below

Question 7

Main function of the spinal meninges

Answer 7

protect and support the spinal cord.

Question 8

White matter is made up of what

Answer 8

myelinated and unmyelinated axons

Question 9

Gray matter is made up of

Answer 9

cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons

Question 10

Three connective tissue layers surround spinal nerves (EPE)

Answer 10

Epineurium > perineurium > endometrium

Question 11

Dermatomes:

Answer 11

specific bilateral region of skin supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves

Question 12

Sensory information for T1>L2

Answer 12

1. The sympathetic nerve carries sensory information from the visceral organs
2. The anterior ramus carries sensory information from the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.
3. The posterior ramus carries sensory information from the skin and skeletal muscles of the back
4. The posterior root of each spinal nerve carries sensory information to the spinal cord.

Sympathetic nerve > anterior ramus > posterior ramus > posterior root of each spinal nerve to spinal cord.

Question 13

Motor information from T1-L2

Answer 13

Anterior root of each spinal nerve > posterior root > posterior ramus > anterior ramus > white ramus > gray ramus > sympathetic nerve to thoracic cavity.

Question 14

If the anterior ramus of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

Answer 14

loss of voluntary movement

Question 15

A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will

Answer 15

lead to skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis.

Question 16

Development Reflexes:

Answer 16

Innate: Genetically determined
Acquired: Learned

Question 17

Response Reflex

Answer 17

Somatic reflex: skeletal muscle contractions
Visceral reflex: control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles, and glands

Question 18

Complexity of Circuit

Answer 18

Monosynaptic: one synapse or two synapses (neurons)
Polysynaptic: multiple synapses (more than 2 neurons)

Question 19

Processing site

Answer 19

Spinal reflex: in spinal cord
Cranial reflex: in the brain

Question 20

Events in a reflex arc:

Answer 20

Arrival of stimulus > activation of sensory neuron > > processing in CNS > activation of motor neuron > response by a peripheral effector

Question 21

If one rami at one section is cut

Answer 21

info can still be received by the other root, but info is diminished a little bit.

Question 22

4 major nerve plexus

Answer 22

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

Question 23

anterior gray horn controls

Answer 23

motor movement

Question 24

posterior gray horn controls

Answer 24

sensory

Question 25

Perineurium covers what

Answer 25

covers bundles of nerve fibers

Question 26

Epineurium covers what

Answer 26

peripheral nerves

Question 27

Endoneurium covers what

Answer 27

schwann cells.

Question 28

CSF does NOT transport ___ to brain structures.

Answer 28

blood