Chapter 13

Question 0

Eighteenth centric reformers

Answer 0

Advocated for prison over death

Prison could rehabilitate

Question 1

Correctional agencies

Answer 1

Responsible for carrying out sentences imposed by the criminal courts

Question 2

Recidivism rate

Answer 2

Measures how often offenses commit new crimes

Question 3

Mission statement

Answer 3

One way correctional agencies articulate their philosophies

Question 4

David Garland

Answer 4

Argues a new vision emerging based on the culture of control

Question 5

Culture of control

Answer 5

A desire for security, orderliness, and control for the management of risk and the taming of chance

Question 6

Michel Foucault

Answer 6

A desire to limit government power by limiting its ability to issue arbitrary and excessive punishments

Question 7

The construction

Answer 7

Provides the benchmark for what is or is not legally permissible within corrections

Question 8

Essential tension

Answer 8

Conflict between ideals or what should be and observable world as it actually is

Question 9

Money and budgets

Answer 9

Without funding, correctional facilities cannot be very effective

Question 10

Research

Answer 10

People hope corrections is based on research, but sometimes it is based on common sense

Question 11

Discretion

Answer 11

Decisions are most appropriately made through discretion

Question 12

Bureaucracies

Answer 12

Driven by rules and procedures that all personnel are expected to follow

Question 13

Profession

Answer 13

Comprised of individuals who are expected to exercise their own judgement

Question 14

Invisibility

Answer 14

Corrections tend to be invisible to the public

Question 15

Correctional institutions

Answer 15

Secure facilities designed to house persons accused or convicted of a crime

Question 16

Jail

Answer 16

Short term facility

People awaiting trial or with short sentences

Question 17

Prison

Answer 17

Long term facility

Question 18

Colonial era

Answer 18

Jails were used to hold people awaiting trial or punishment

Hold people who could not pay their debts

Question 19

Typical colonial punishments

Answer 19

Death, physical beating, banishment

Question 20

Solitary system

Answer 20

Promote offender rehab through self introspection

Question 21

Congregate system

Answer 21

Less expensive than solitary

Could work through the state

Question 22

Farm systems

Answer 22

Inmates lived in barracks

We’re expected to generate revenue by working on farms

Question 23

Contemporary prison

Answer 23

Inmates typically have a cell mate
Work programs
interaction

Question 24

Pod design

Answer 24

Cells surround a central day room

Question 25

Total institution

Answer 25

Inmates sleep, work, and socialize in the same place

Question 26

Mortification

Answer 26

Loss of personal identity

Question 27

Prisonization

Answer 27

An inmates acceptance of the unique culture of the prison environment

Question 28

Importation model

Answer 28

Inmates bring attitudes and life experiences from the outside into prison which shapes their behavior in the prison environment

Question 29

Deprivation model

Answer 29

The nature of the prison environment and it's deprivations shape inmate behavior

Question 30

Maconichie

Answer 30

Superintendent of the Norfolk Island prison in Australia | Created the mark system which inmates accumulate marks which could get special privileges

Question 31

Crofton

Answer 31

Directed the Irish prison system in the 1850s | Inmates earned marks that earned them more freedoms

Question 32

Parole

Answer 32

An encouragement to rehabilitation and to get inmates out early

Question 33

John Augustus

Answer 33

Volunteered to supervise offenders who would usually be sent to prison

Question 34

Probation

Answer 34

A punishment that allows an offender to remain in the community over going to jail

Question 35

Truth in sentencing

Answer 35

Offenders sent to prison must serve a proportion of their time before being considered for early release

Question 36

Other alternatives to prison

Answer 36

``` Boot camps Halfway houses Day reporting centers Electronic monitoring House arrest ```

Question 37

Incarceration

Answer 37

Prison and jail sentences

Question 38

Governing through crime

Answer 38

Culture control may be felt in areas besides correctional facilities

Question 39

Conflict theory

Answer 39

Finance drives correctional policy

Question 40

Prison industrial complex

Answer 40

Bureaucratic, political, and economic interests that encourage increased spending on imprisonment regardless of the actual need

Question 41

Quantitative scales

Answer 41

Number based scales designed to limit discretion

Question 42

Unit management

Answer 42

Multiple activities are contained within a pod, and the staff can interact with inmates more

Question 43

Security level

Answer 43

Minimum Medium Maximum

Question 44

Classification process

Answer 44

The department of corrections determines an inmates security level