Chapter 13

Question 1

refers to the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.

Answer 1

Gender

Question 2

gender also inolves _______, ranking men and women diferently n terms of power, wealth and other resources.

Answer 2

hierarchy

Question 3

the unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men and women.

Answer 3

gender stratification

Question 4

in 1848, woman were denied to ____ because many people assumed that women did not have enough intelligence or interest in politics.

Answer 4

vote

Question 5

Differences between men and women turn out to be _______ created

Answer 5

socially

Question 6

On average men are __% taller, __% heavier, and __% stronger, especially in the upper body.

Answer 6

10;20;30

Question 7

life expectancy for men in th United STates is ___ years, and women can expect to live ___ years.

Answer 7

75.7;80.6

Question 8

in adolescence, males do a bit better in the _______ and ____ parts of the SATs, females do better in ____, differences that reflect both biology and specialization.

Answer 8

math;reading;writing

Question 9

In Israel, collectve settlements are called ______.

Answer 9

kibbutzim

Question 10

Why has the Kibbutz been an important setting for research?

Answer 10

gender equality is one of its stated goals; men and women share in both work and decision making.

Question 11

What society did Margaret Mead studied in New Guinea?

Answer 11

1. Arapesh (mountainous home)
2. Mundugumor (South)
3. Tchambuli (West)

Question 12

What did Mead find in Arapesh?

Answer 12

She observed that men and women had similar attitudes and behavior.
Both sexes were cooperative and sensitive to others- what our culture would label “feminine.”

Question 13

What did Mead find in Mundugumor?

Answer 13

She found that headhunting and annibalism stood in striking contras to the gentle ways of teh Arapesh. In this culture both sexeswere typically selfish and aggressive, traits we define as “masculine.”

Question 14

What did Mead find inTchambuli?

Answer 14

She discovered they had a reversed our notions of gender; females were dominant and rational, and males were submissive, emotional and nurturing toward children.

Question 15

Whad did Mead conclude on her observations in New Gunea?

Answer 15

That culture is the key to gender differences

Question 16

What did Deborah Gewertz challenge?

Answer 16

She called Mead’s reversed hypothesis, pointing out that Tchambui males are really the more aggressive sex. She said that Mead visied Tchambuli dring the 1930s, after they had lost much of their property in tribal wars and observed men rebuilding their homes, a temporary role for Chambri men.

Question 17

How many minutes seperate the curent world marathon records for women and for men.

Answer 17

11

Question 18

What did George Murdock find in his research of 200 preindustrial societies?

Answer 18

he found some global agreementabout which tasks are feminine and which are masculine. Hunting and warfare fall to men, homecentered tasks like cooking, child care fall on women.

Question 19

Murdock says that with the simple technology of preindustrial societies they assign roles reflecting men’s and women’s ________ characteristics.

Answer 19

physical

Question 20

Murdock found variety beyond the pattern of assigned roles of physical characteristics, women did the _______ in about th esame number of societies as men.

Answer 20

farming

Question 21

Where in China do women control most property, select their sexual partners, and make most decisions about everyday life.

Answer 21

Musuo, in Chna’s Yunnan province

Question 22

a form of social organization in which females dominate males

Answer 22

matriarchy

Question 23

a for of social organization inwhich males dominate females.

Answer 23

patriarchy

Question 24

According to the United Nations which countries give women the highest social standing

Answer 24

1. Netherlands
2. Denmark
3. Sweden

Question 25

According to the United Nations which country give the lowest soial standing in comparison to men.

Answer 25

1. Niger 2. Democrati Republic of Congo 3. Yemen

Question 26

United States ranked in at __ in terms of gender equality

Answer 26

44

Question 27

thesis that one sex is innately superior to the other.

Answer 27

sexism

Question 28

Marilyn French argued that patriarchy drives men to seek _____, not only of women but also of themselves and their world.

Answer 28

control

Question 29

masculinity is closely linked not only to accidents but also to _____,____-______ diseases, and suicide.

Answer 29

violence;stress-related

Question 30

marked bychronic impatience, driving ambition, competitiveness, and free-floating hostility

Answer 30

Type A personality

Question 31

are attitudes and activites that a society links to each sex.

Answer 31

gender roles

Question 32

any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that society sets apart and subordinates

Answer 32

minority

Question 33

people who give life and help others

Answer 33

nurturers

Question 34

analysis of the interplay of race, class, and gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of diadvantage.

Answer 34

intersection theory

Question 35

rers to comments, gestures, or phyical contacts of a sexual naturethat are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome

Answer 35

sexual harassment

Question 36

what does quid pro quo mean in terms of sexual harassment?

Answer 36

one thing in return for another

Question 37

how can you create a hostile environment?

Answer 37

suggestive teasing, off-color jokes, comments about someone's looks

Question 38

is support of social equality fo women and men, in oposition to patriarchy and sexism

Answer 38

feminism

Question 39

There are 5 general principles of feminist ideas

Answer 39

1. working to increase equality 2. expanding human choice 3. eliminating gender stratification 4. ending sexual violence 5. promoting sexual freedom

Question 39

Name four factors that have changed the U.S labor force ?

Answer 39

1. decline of farming 2. growth of cities 3. shrinking family size 4. rising divorce rates.

Question 40

High concentration of women in two job types

Answer 40

1. Administrative support work (23% of working women) 2. Secretaries or other office workers (75% of women fill both of these type of jobs)

Question 41

Administrative support work and secretaries are often called "______-collar jobs"

Answer 41

pink

Question 42

What does the glass ceiiling mean?

Answer 42

In the corporate world the higher the company we look the fewer women are found, so women's careers gets blocked because of the discrimination.

Question 43

Three factors that inhibit women to make more money.

Answer 43

1. the type of work they do 2. family , women take time off to have children, and they are likely to take off from work to take care of aging parents. 3. discrimination agaist women. Glass ceiling.

Question 44

The structural-functional approach suggests that (theories in gender)

Answer 44

1. inpreindustrial societies, distinctive roles for males and femlaes reflect biological differences between the sexes 2. in industrial societies, marked gender inequality becomes dysfunctional and gradually decreases

Question 45

The symbolic-interaction approach suggests that

Answer 45

1. individuals use gender as one element of their personal performances as they socially construct reality through everyday interactions 2. gender plays a part in shaping lamost lal our everyday experiences.

Question 46

social-conflict approach suggests that

Answer 46

1. gender is an important dimension of social inequality and socil conflict 2. gender inequality benefits men and disadvantages women.

Question 47

________ feminism accept the basic order of society, they seek change only to ensure equality of opportunity. The women improve their social standing ___________, according to personal ability and effort.

Answer 47

liberal;individuallly

Question 48

________ feminism does not accept the basic order of society, they support an end to social classes and to family gender roles t hat encourage "domestic slavery." The women improve their social standing __________, through socialist revolution.

Answer 48

Socialist;Collectively

Question 49

_________feminism does not accept the basic order of society they support an end to the family system. Women improve their social standing __________ by working to eliminate gender itself.

Answer 49

radical;collectively

Question 50

how can you get rid of glass ceilings?

Answer 50

legal mandates

Question 51

sex is a ____ and gender is a _____

Answer 51

status;role

Question 52

_______________ is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings (compare to ultimogeniture). Historically, the term implied male primogeniture, to the exclusion of females. In the absence of children, inheritance passed to collateral relatives, in order of seniority of their lines of descent

Answer 52

primogeniture

Question 53

_______ is dominated by or emphasizing masculine interests or points of view 2. Having a man, or the male, as the center of importance.

Answer 53

androcentricity

Question 54

who said this “ If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences."

Answer 54

Thomas Theorem

Question 55

__ out of 50 state governors were women (12%); an din congress women held __ of 435 seats in the House of Representatives (16.6%); and __ of 100 seats in the Senate (17%)

Answer 55

6;72;17

Question 56

women make up 19 % seats of world's 188 ________

Answer 56

parliaments

Question 57

Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

Answer 57

she was the leader who called for expanding women's rights and opportunities, including the right to vote in 1838, Seneca Falls

Question 58

Richard Gelles argues that with the exception of the police and the military, the ______ is the most violent organization in the United States, and women suffer most of the injuries.

Answer 58

family

Question 59

Dianne Herman claims that abuse of women is built into our way of life, she calls a,"______ culture" of men trying to dominate women.

Answer 59

rape

Question 60

Fredrich Engels tied gender stratification to the rise of ______property and a ______ hierarchy.

Answer 60

private;class

Question 61

________ exploits everyone by paying men low wages and assigning women the task of maintaining a home.

Answer 61

capitalism