chapter 17

Question 1

The social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by individuals and groups.

Answer 1

Politics

Question 2

the ability to overcome resistance

Answer 2

Power

Question 3

Power can be manifested through ________, the use of force, or through _______, submission and compliance based upon a recognition of its legitimacy by those over whom power is exercised

Answer 3

coercion;authority

Question 4

_________ is the more stable form of power, as ________ only produces compliance when the state is willing, and able to use force against its citizens, and the continuous use of force is disruptive to the activities of any society

Answer 4

Authority;coercion

Question 5

POWER THAT PEOPLE PERCEIVE AS LEGITIMATE, NOT COERCIVE

Answer 5

authority

Question 6

Max Weber coined three types of legitimate authority

Answer 6

1. Traditional- legitimized through tradition
2. Rational-Legal- legitimized through law
3. Charismatic- legitimized through personality

Question 7

authority is tied to an individual’s personal attributes and characteristics, and the transition of power when a charismatic leader dies is unstable and unpredictable

Answer 7

charismatic

Question 8

– authority of a leader is rooted in custom, and leads to a more peaceful and predictable transition of power; latent functions?

Answer 8

traditional

Question 9

derives its legitimacy from the rules and laws that define the rights, duties, and obligations of rulers and the ruled; bureaucratic

Answer 9

legal-rational

Question 10

The _____ is the highest political authority within a given, geographically defined territory, and it has the monopoly over the legitimate use of force

Answer 10

state

Question 11

The _________ is the set of people who are engaged in directing the activities of the state

Answer 11

government

Question 12

Though all states exercise power, they do not exercise it in the same ways. Sociologists recognize three types of political systems

Answer 12

1. totalitarian
2. authoritarian
3. democratic.

Question 13

some monarchies, and military juntas
The people are excluded from the processes of government
Little or no opposition is permitted
Government has little interest in the daily lives of its citizens

Answer 13

Authoritarian

Question 14

Unlimited power – coercion is common
Tolerates no opposition
Exercises control over every aspect of citizen’s lives through a detailed ideology that penetrates all social institutions

Answer 14

Totalitarian

Question 15

classical and representative democracy
The people are included in the processes of government
Opposition is permitted; coercion is relatively rare
Permits the people to elect and dismiss leaders

Answer 15

Democratic

Question 16

POWER IS EXERCISED BY PEOPLE AS A WHOLE

Answer 16

Democracies

Question 17

AUTHORITY IN HANDS OF ELECTED OFFICIALs.RATIONAL-LEGAL REASONING HAS TIES .USE OF EXTENSIVE BUREAUCRACIES
EXTENSIVE USE OF NEVER ELECTED PETTY BUREAUCRATS

Answer 17

representative democracy

Question 18

formal groups organized to influence government policy for a large percentage of the population, and tend to be the focal points for conflict and conflict resolution

Answer 18

political parties

Question 19

– informal groups organized to influence political decision making for “special interests”; pros and cons of interest groups and lobbyists.

Answer 19

interest group

Question 20

decision making is the result of competition, bargaining, and compromise among diverse groups. This is a functional concept for explaining the social interactions resulting in the exercise of power in a democracy

Answer 20

Pluralism

Question 21

decision making is controlled by a few individuals or organizations, and it is used to protect and promote their own interests

Answer 21

Elitism

Question 22

C.W. Mills, the __________ represents a small group of influential persons who control the economy, the government, and the military.

Answer 22

power elite

Question 23

The more diverse the society, the more ______ the democracy tends to be, whereas a power elite tends to dominate smaller, less diversified communities with business-oriented governments; compare the U.S. of 1955 with the U.S. of 2001 (Iraq?)

Answer 23

pluralistic

Question 24

The Power Elite is composed of members of the Upper Classes who achieved the highest possible postion in 6 Socioeconomic status (SES hieracrchy).

Answer 24

1. government
2. Business
3. Military
4. Judiciary
5. Foundations
6. Media

Question 25

Three types of people name from them according to the one's with most to least power

Answer 25

1. the top corporate, military, and political leaders. 2. congress other legislators, interes-group leaders. Local opinion leaders 3. The masses of people- unorganized, exploited, and mostly disinterested

Question 26

POWER IS DISPERSED AMONG MANY COMPETING INTERESTS GROUPS

Answer 26

PLURALIST MODEL

Question 27

“REAL” POWER IS CONCENTRATED AMONG THE VERY RICH IN AMERICA | CAN THE WEALTHIEST IN AMERICA EVER ENCOUNTER PRESSURE TO NOT ACT IN THEIR OWN BEST INTERESTS

Answer 27

THE POWER-ELITE MODEL

Question 28

POWER IS DIVIDED ALONG THE LINES OF A POLITICAL ECONOMY BIAS IS ROOTED WITHIN THE NATION’S SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS REVOLUTION IS THE ONLY ANSWER

Answer 28

marxist model

Question 29

According to the slide, the political party id's of people who responded name them from the most representated to the least. There are four.

Answer 29

1. Democrats 44% 2. Republicans 33.6% 3. Independent 20.1% 4. Other party/No resp 2.1%

Question 30

- people who think alike on a particular issue and who can be mobilized for political action.

Answer 30

Special Interest group

Question 31

people who are paid to influence legislation on behalf of their clients.

Answer 31

Lobbyist

Question 32

these solicit contributions from many donors

Answer 32

PAC's- Political Action Committees

Question 33

4 sectors in the number of pacs between the years 1976-1994. Name them from the most to the least.

Answer 33

1. Corporate 2. Other 3. Trade and health 4. Labor

Question 34

Who was the top pac contributor to candidates from the years 2011-2012

Answer 34

national association of realtors

Question 35

DENIES POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNMENT

Answer 35

Authoritarianism

Question 36

What kind of authoritarianism involves: HEAVY CONTROL LITTLE OR NO VOICE IN GOVERNMENT FOR MOST PEOPLE GOVERNMENT IS OFTEN INDIFFERENT TO PEOPLE’S NEEDS GOVERNMENT HAS NO LEGAL PROCESS TO REMOVE LEADERSHIP EXAMPLES: SAUDI ARABIA AND KUWAIT

Answer 36

Absolute Monarcies

Question 37

What kind of authoritarianism involves: HEAVY-HANDED GOVERNMENT OFFERING A “GOOD LIFE” TO PEOPLE

Answer 37

Soft authoritarianism

Question 38

RULE BY A SINGLE FAMILY OVER GENERATIONS

Answer 38

The Monarchy

Question 39

TYPICAL OF AGRARIAN SOCIETIES MODERN EXAMPLE: BRITAIN ABSOLUTE MONARCHY RULERS MONOPOLIZING POWER

Answer 39

The monarchy

Question 40

what type of monarchy is this: MODERN-DAY MONARCHIES MORE FIGURE HEAD THAN RULER POLITICAL PRINCIPLES RULE ELECTED OFFICIAL ACTUALLY RULES

Answer 40

Constitutional monarchies

Question 41

EXTENSIVE REGULATION OF PEOPLE’S LIVES

Answer 41

Totalitarianism

Question 42

What type of government is this: CLOSE MONITORING OF PEOPLE MASSIVE AND PROTECTED EFFORTS TO COLLECT HUGE AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION ON POPULACE PEOPLE ARE EXPECTED TO ADHERE TO GOVERNMENT WISHES AND ARE DENIED BASIC AND HUMAN RIGHTS GOVERNMENT INDOCTRINATION BEGINS AT AN EARLY AGE

Answer 42

Totalitarianism

Question 43

THE OVERTHROW OF A POLITICAL ORDER IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH A NEW ONE

Answer 43

Revolution

Question 44

REVOLUTIONS SHARE 4 COMMON TRAITS what are they?

Answer 44

1.RISING EXPECTATIONS WHEN QUALITY OF LIFE IS IMPROVING, PEOPLE WANT MORE AND ARE LESS WILLING TO WAIT 2.UNRESPONSIVE GOVERNMENT DEGREE OF WILLINGNESS AND ABILTY TO REFORM TO MEET DEMANDS OF PEOPLE 3.RADICAL LEADERSHIP BY INTELLECTUALS REVOLUTION IS OFTEN “UNIVERSITY CENTERED” 4.ESTABLISHING NEW LEGITIMACY GUARDING AGAINST ATTEMPTS TO COUNTER THE REVOLUTION

Question 45

The functionalist perspective has 3 reasons why a state that occupies a dominant postion of a society with cohesion and order

Answer 45

1. Maintaining order by claiming legitimate, legal-rational authority, although force and coercion may occasionally be necessary 2. Interacting with other nation-states in diplomacy and occasional conflicts 3. Directing the system (interaction of social institutions for the greatest benefit of all) winners and losers?

Question 46

What does the conflict perspective argue with the analysis of the political order.

Answer 46

The conflict perspective argues that democracies do not prevent power from being centralized by elites who act in their own interests, nor does it protect from the passing on of power from one member of an elite to another, or from one elite community to another, “circulation of the elite”. In modern society, the group that controls the media, “the ideological machinery”, has the best opportunity to pass on their ideology to new members of society through socialization processes taking place in all the social institutions.

Question 47

What is the analaysis of the symbolic interaction perspective of the political order.

Answer 47

Political ideas and identities are acquired through the process of political socialization, and much of that socialization takes place without the critical consideration of the symbols and meanings used by the agents of socialization; family, friends, peers, teachers, and religious figures